Lucchetti Giancarlo, Damiano Rodolfo Furlan, DiLalla Lisabeth F, Lucchetti Alessandra Lamas Granero, Moutinho Ivana Lúcia Damásio, da Silva Ezequiel Oscarina, Kevin Dorsey J
School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Av. Eugênio do Nascimento s/n, Juiz de Fora, Brazil, 36038-330.
School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Acad Psychiatry. 2018 Feb;42(1):62-67. doi: 10.1007/s40596-017-0777-2. Epub 2017 Aug 31.
This study aimed to compare mental health, quality of life, empathy, and burnout in medical students from a medical institution in the USA and another one in Brazil.
This cross-cultural study included students enrolled in the first and second years of their undergraduate medical training. We evaluated depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS 21), empathy, openness to spirituality, and wellness (ESWIM), burnout (Oldenburg), and quality of life (WHOQOL-Bref) and compared them between schools.
A total of 138 Brazilian and 73 US medical students were included. The comparison between all US medical students and all Brazilian medical students revealed that Brazilians reported more depression and stress and US students reported greater wellness, less exhaustion, and greater environmental quality of life. In order to address a possible response bias favoring respondents with better mental health, we also compared all US medical students with the 50% of Brazilian medical students who reported better mental health. In this comparison, we found Brazilian medical students had higher physical quality of life and US students again reported greater environmental quality of life. Cultural, social, infrastructural, and curricular differences were compared between institutions. Some noted differences were that students at the US institution were older and were exposed to smaller class sizes, earlier patient encounters, problem-based learning, and psychological support.
We found important differences between Brazilian and US medical students, particularly in mental health and wellness. These findings could be explained by a complex interaction between several factors, highlighting the importance of considering cultural and school-level influences on well-being.
本研究旨在比较美国一所医疗机构和巴西一所医疗机构的医学生在心理健康、生活质量、同理心和职业倦怠方面的差异。
这项跨文化研究纳入了本科医学培训一、二年级的学生。我们评估了抑郁、焦虑和压力（DASS 21）、同理心、对灵性的开放性和幸福感（ESWIM）、职业倦怠（奥尔登堡量表）和生活质量（WHOQOL-Bref），并在不同学校之间进行比较。
共纳入138名巴西医学生和73名美国医学生。所有美国医学生与所有巴西医学生的比较显示，巴西学生报告的抑郁和压力更多，而美国学生报告的幸福感更强、疲惫感更少、环境生活质量更高。为了解决可能存在的有利于心理健康状况较好的受访者的回应偏差问题，我们还将所有美国医学生与报告心理健康状况较好的50%巴西医学生进行了比较。在这次比较中，我们发现巴西医学生的身体生活质量更高，而美国学生再次报告环境生活质量更高。我们比较了不同机构之间的文化、社会、基础设施和课程差异。一些明显的差异是，美国机构的学生年龄更大，班级规模更小，更早接触患者，采用基于问题的学习方法，并且能获得心理支持。
我们发现巴西和美国医学生之间存在重要差异，特别是在心理健康和幸福感方面。这些发现可以通过多种因素之间的复杂相互作用来解释，突出了考虑文化和学校层面因素对幸福感影响的重要性。
