Microbial Ecology, Nutrition & Health Research Unit. Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2017 Nov;20(6):484-491. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000419.
Update on the development of microbiome-based interventions and dietary supplements to combat obesity and related comorbidities, which are leading causes of global mortality.
The role of intestinal dysbiosis, partly resulting from unhealthy diets, in the development of obesity and metabolic disorders, is well documented by recent translational research. Human experimental trials with whole-faecal transplants are ongoing, and their results will be crucial as proof of concept that interventions intended to modulate the microbiome composition and function could be alternatives for the management of obesity and related comorbidities. Potential next-generation probiotic bacteria (Akkermansia, Bacteroides spp., Eubacterium halli) and microbiota-derived molecules (e.g. membrane proteins, short-chain fatty acids) are being evaluated in preclinical and clinical trials to promote the development of innovative dietary supplements. The fact that live or inactivated bacteria and their products can regulate pathways that increase energy expenditure, and reduce energy intake, and absorption and systemic inflammation make them attractive research targets from a nutritional and clinical perspective.
Understanding which are the beneficial bacteria and their bioactive products is helping us to envisage innovative microbiome-based dietary interventions to tackle obesity. Advances will likely result from future refinements of these strategies according to the individual's microbiome configuration and its particular response to interventions, thereby progressing towards personalized nutrition.
介绍基于微生物组的干预措施和膳食补充剂的最新发展，以应对肥胖症和相关合并症，这些是全球死亡率的主要原因。
肠道菌群失调部分是由不健康的饮食引起的，在肥胖症和代谢紊乱的发展中起着重要作用，这一点已被最近的转化研究充分证明。正在进行全粪便移植的人体实验性试验，其结果将至关重要，因为这证明了旨在调节微生物组组成和功能的干预措施可能是肥胖症及相关合并症管理的替代方法。潜在的下一代益生菌（阿克曼氏菌、拟杆菌属、真杆菌属）和微生物衍生的分子（例如膜蛋白、短链脂肪酸）正在进行临床前和临床试验，以促进创新膳食补充剂的开发。活菌或死菌及其产物可以调节增加能量消耗、减少能量摄入和吸收以及全身炎症的途径，这使得它们从营养和临床的角度来看成为有吸引力的研究目标。
了解有益细菌及其生物活性产物有助于我们设想基于微生物组的创新膳食干预措施来解决肥胖问题。根据个体的微生物组组成及其对干预措施的特定反应，对这些策略进行未来的改进，可能会取得进展，从而实现个性化营养。
