Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Edile, del Territorio e di Chimica, Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile ed Ambientale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio, 21, 80125, Napoli, Italy.
J Environ Manage. 2017 Dec 15;204(Pt 1):82-91. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.08.038. Epub 2017 Aug 30.
Since the second half of the twentieth century, many studies have indicated inhalation of asbestos fibers as the main cause of deadly diseases including fibrosis and cancer. Consequently, since the beginning of the 80s, many countries started banning production and use of asbestos containing products (ACP), although still present in private and public buildings. Due to some extraordinary catastrophic events and/or the aging of these products, people's health and environmental risk associated with the inhalation of asbestos fibers keeps being high even in those countries where it was banned. For these reasons, many communities are developing plans for an environmental and sanitary safe asbestos removal and management. Asbestos containing wastes (ACW) are usually disposed in controlled landfills, but this practice does not definitively eliminate the problems related with asbestos fiber release and conflicts with the ideas of sustainable land use, recycling, and closing material cycles. Consequently, many scientific papers and patents proposed physical, chemical, and biological treatments aimed to the detoxification of ACW (or the reduction of their health effects) and looking for the adoption of technologies, which allow the reuse of the end-products. By including recent relevant bibliography, this report summarizes the status of the most important and innovative treatments of ACW, providing main operating parameters, advantages, and disadvantages.
自 20 世纪下半叶以来，许多研究表明吸入石棉纤维是导致致命疾病（包括纤维化和癌症）的主要原因。因此，自 80 年代初以来，许多国家开始禁止生产和使用含石棉产品（ACP），尽管这些产品仍存在于私人和公共建筑中。由于一些特殊的灾难性事件和/或这些产品的老化，即使在那些已经禁止使用石棉的国家，与吸入石棉纤维相关的人们的健康和环境风险仍然很高。出于这些原因，许多社区正在制定环境和卫生安全的石棉清除和管理计划。含石棉废物（ACW）通常被处置在受控的垃圾填埋场，但这种做法并不能完全消除石棉纤维释放的问题，并且与可持续土地利用、回收和关闭材料循环的理念相冲突。因此，许多科学论文和专利提出了旨在解毒 ACW（或降低其健康影响）的物理、化学和生物处理方法，并寻找采用允许重复使用最终产品的技术。本报告通过纳入最近的相关文献，总结了 ACW 最重要和创新的处理方法的现状，提供了主要的操作参数、优点和缺点。
