Tarquini Roberto, Mazzoccoli Gianluigi
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy; Inter-institutional Department for Continuity of Care of Empoli, School of Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy.
Chronobiology Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", Cappuccini Avenue, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia 71013, Italy.
Heart Fail Clin. 2017 Oct;13(4):645-655. doi: 10.1016/j.hfc.2017.05.001. Epub 2017 Jun 29.
The molecular clockwork drives rhythmic oscillations of signaling pathways managing intermediate metabolism; the circadian timing system synchronizes behavioral cycles and anabolic/catabolic processes with environmental cues, mainly represented by light/darkness alternation. Metabolic pathways, bile acid synthesis, and autophagic and immune/inflammatory processes are driven by the biological clock. Proper timing of hormone secretion, metabolism, bile acid turnover, autophagy, and inflammation with behavioral cycles is necessary to avoid dysmetabolism. Disruption of the biological clock and mistiming of body rhythmicity with respect to environmental cues provoke loss of internal synchronization and metabolic derangements, causing liver steatosis, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus.
分子时钟机制驱动着管理中间代谢的信号通路的节律性振荡；昼夜节律计时系统使行为周期以及合成代谢/分解代谢过程与环境线索同步，主要以明暗交替为代表。代谢途径、胆汁酸合成以及自噬和免疫/炎症过程均由生物钟驱动。激素分泌、代谢、胆汁酸周转、自噬和炎症与行为周期的恰当时间安排对于避免代谢紊乱是必要的。生物钟的破坏以及身体节律与环境线索的时间失调会导致内部同步性丧失和代谢紊乱，从而引发肝脂肪变性、肥胖、代谢综合征和糖尿病。
