International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, China.
IJRC-PTS, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University , Dalian 116026, China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2017 Oct 3;51(19):11126-11135. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03207. Epub 2017 Sep 25.
This paper presents the first comprehensive survey of 19 novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) in soil samples collected among five Asian countries. High variability in concentrations of all NBFRs was found in soils with the geometric mean (GM) values ranging from 0.50 ng/g dry weight (dw) in Vietnam to 540 ng/g dw in the vicinity of a BFR manufacturer in China. In urban, rural, and background locations, the GM concentrations of ∑NBFRs decreased in the order of Japan > South Korea > China > India > Vietnam. Correlations among different NBFR compounds were positive and statistically significant (p < 0.05), suggesting that they originate from similar sources. Evidence for simultaneous application between polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and NBFRs were also noted. Principal component analysis of NBFR concentrations revealed specific pollution sources for different NBFRs coming from urban, BFR-related industrial, and e-waste sites. For the first time, this study demonstrates a "point source fractionation effect" for NBFRs and PBDEs. The concentrations of all NBFRs and PBDEs were negatively and significantly correlated with the distance from BFR-related industrial and e-waste regions. Positive and significant correlation between population density and NBFR concentrations in soils was identified. Our study revealed that the primary sources effects were stronger than the secondary sources effects in controlling the levels and distribution of NBFRs and PBDEs in soils in these five Asian countries.
本研究首次全面调查了亚洲五个国家的土壤样本中 19 种新型溴化阻燃剂（NBFRs）。所有 NBFRs 的浓度差异很大，几何平均值（GM）范围从越南的 0.50ng/g 干重（dw）到中国一家阻燃剂制造商附近的 540ng/g dw。在城市、农村和背景地区，∑NBFRs 的 GM 浓度顺序为日本>韩国>中国>印度>越南。不同 NBFR 化合物之间的相关性为正且具有统计学意义（p<0.05），表明它们源自相似的来源。还注意到多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）和 NBFRs 同时应用的证据。NBFR 浓度的主成分分析揭示了不同 NBFR 来自城市、BFR 相关工业和电子废物场所的特定污染源。本研究首次证明了 NBFRs 和 PBDEs 的“点源分馏效应”。所有 NBFRs 和 PBDEs 的浓度与距 BFR 相关工业和电子废物区域的距离呈负相关且显著相关。土壤中 NBFR 浓度与人口密度之间存在正相关且显著相关。我们的研究表明，在控制这五个亚洲国家土壤中 NBFRs 和 PBDEs 的水平和分布方面，主要来源的影响强于次要来源的影响。
