Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa.
Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2017 Nov;220(8):1279-1284. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.08.002. Epub 2017 Aug 12.
Due to the frequent use of antibiotics and recurring illnesses related to multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in South Africa, we determined if MDR Escherichia coli were present in pit latrine fecal sludge samples obtained from a peri-urban community in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The abundance of E. coli in pit latrine samples was established using a most probable number (MPN) method with species confirmation done using biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Forty-four randomly selected E. coli pit latrine isolates were further characterized, using the European committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing (EUCAST) disk diffusion method to establish antibiotic resistance profiles for these E. coli isolates. The resulting MPN values for E. coli ranged from one to 6.2 log MPN per gram of fresh pit latrine fecal sludge. While only 3 out of 44 E. coli pit latrine isolates showed no resistance to any of the 12 tested antibiotics, most isolates were resistant to two or more antibiotics. The majority of isolates showed resistance to at least one of the two tested aminoglycosides, one isolate showed resistance to the carbapenem ertapenem, and although resistance was not detected for tigecycline four pit latrine E. coli isolates showed intermediate resistance to this antibiotic. However, about 14% of the E. coli pit latrine isolates were categorized as MDR, all of which showed resistance to four or more antibiotics. The presence of MDR E. coli strains in pit latrine samples demonstrates that these facilities are potential sources for MDR bacteria.
由于在南非频繁使用抗生素和与多药耐药（MDR）细菌相关的反复发病，我们确定了在南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省一个城郊社区获得的坑式厕所粪便污泥样本中是否存在 MDR 大肠杆菌。使用最可能数（MPN）方法确定坑式厕所样本中大肠杆菌的丰度，并用生化试验和聚合酶链反应（PCR）进行种确认。进一步对随机选择的 44 个大肠杆菌坑式厕所分离株进行特征描述，使用欧洲抗菌药物敏感性测试委员会（EUCAST）圆盘扩散法确定这些大肠杆菌分离株的抗生素耐药谱。大肠杆菌的 MPN 值范围为每克新鲜坑式厕所粪便污泥 1 到 6.2 对数 MPN。虽然 44 个大肠杆菌坑式厕所分离株中只有 3 个对 12 种测试抗生素没有任何耐药性，但大多数分离株对两种或多种抗生素具有耐药性。大多数分离株至少对一种测试的氨基糖苷类药物具有耐药性，一个分离株对碳青霉烯类厄他培南具有耐药性，虽然未检测到替加环素的耐药性，但有 4 个坑式厕所大肠杆菌分离株对这种抗生素表现出中介耐药性。然而，约 14%的大肠杆菌坑式厕所分离株被归类为 MDR，所有这些分离株对四种或更多种抗生素具有耐药性。坑式厕所样本中 MDR 大肠杆菌菌株的存在表明这些设施是 MDR 细菌的潜在来源。
