Mahmud Zahid Hayat, Shirazi Farozaan Fatima, Hossainey Muhammad Riadul Haque, Islam Mohammad Imtiazul, Ahmed Mir Alvee, Nafiz Tanvir Noor, Imran Khan Mohammad, Sultana Jinath, Islam Md Shafiqul, Islam Mohammad Aminul, Islam Md Sirajul
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
Department of Biology and Chemistry, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
J Infect Dev Ctries. 2019 Mar 31;13(3):195-203. doi: 10.3855/jidc.10768.
In Bangladesh, human sludge from dry pit latrines is commonly applied directly to agricultural lands as manure. This study was conducted to investigate the presence of antibiotic resistance, virulence factors and plasmid contents of E. coli strains isolated from sludge samples.
E. coli were isolated from human feces from closed pit latrines and identified by culture method. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates were determined by Standard Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Pathogenic genes and antibiotic resistance genes of ESBL producing isolates were determined by PCR assay.
Of the 34 samples tested, 76.5% contained E. coli. Of 72 E. coli isolates, 76.4% were resistant to at least one of the 12 antibiotics tested and 47.2% isolates were resistant to three or four classes of antibiotics. Around 18% isolates were extended spectrum β- lactamase producing and of them 6 were positive for blaTEM specific gene, 4 for blaCTX-M gene, 1 for blaOXA gene and 2 for both blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes. Moreover, among 72 isolates, 4.2% carried virulence genes of enterotoxigenic E. coli; two isolates were positive for st and one was positive for both st and lt genes. In addition, 59.7% of the isolates contained plasmids (range 1.4 to 140 MDa) of which 19.5% isolates contained a single plasmid and 40.2% contained multiple plasmids.
The presence of pathogenic, drug resistant E. coli in human sludge necessitates a regular surveillance before using as a biofertilizer.
在孟加拉国，旱厕中的人类粪便污泥通常直接作为肥料施用于农田。本研究旨在调查从污泥样本中分离出的大肠杆菌菌株的抗生素抗性、毒力因子和质粒含量。
从封闭粪池的人类粪便中分离出大肠杆菌，并通过培养方法进行鉴定。采用标准的 Kirby-Bauer 纸片扩散法测定分离株的抗生素敏感性模式。通过 PCR 检测产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）分离株的致病基因和抗生素抗性基因。
在 34 个测试样本中，76.5%含有大肠杆菌。在 72 株大肠杆菌分离株中，76.4%对所测试的 12 种抗生素中的至少一种具有抗性，47.2%的分离株对三类或四类抗生素具有抗性。约 18%的分离株产超广谱β-内酰胺酶，其中 6 株 blaTEM 特异性基因呈阳性，4 株 blaCTX-M 基因呈阳性，1 株 blaOXA 基因呈阳性，2 株 blaTEM 和 blaCTX-M 基因均呈阳性。此外，在 72 株分离株中，4.2%携带产肠毒素大肠杆菌的毒力基因；两株 st 基因呈阳性，一株 st 和 lt 基因均呈阳性。另外，59.7%的分离株含有质粒（范围为 1.4 至 140 MDa），其中 19.5%的分离株含有单个质粒，40.2%含有多个质粒。
人类粪便污泥中存在致病性耐药大肠杆菌，因此在用作生物肥料之前需要进行定期监测。
