Krutsch Volker, Krutsch Werner, Jansen Petra, Hoffmann Helmut, Angele Peter, Lehmann Jennifer, Loose Oliver, Gänsslen Axel, Nerlich Michael, Weber Johannes
Sportverletz Sportschaden. 2017 Sep;31(3):143-153. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-113208. Epub 2017 Sep 4.
Football, the most popular sports worldwide, is associated with a high number of injuries. Head and brain injuries in football are less frequent, but may result in severe long-term damage. The mechanisms of these injuries in football are multifactorial, and the ball is rarely the main cause of a head injury. Short-term, medium-term and long-term consequences of headings in football are insufficiently examined, and there are hardly any case reports about severe episodes. Heading has been banned in US junior football since November 2015, which is understandable considering the higher risk for head injuries in popular American sports such as ice hockey or American football and people's fear associated with this risk. However, the decision to ban heading in football is not based on scientific results, and different experiences have been made in European football. Therefore, this decision should not simply be transferred to Europe. In fact, other injury prevention strategies for head injuries in junior football are necessary, such as the adaptation of ball sizes, which has already been implemented. It is not necessary to change match rules in the form of a general ban on heading in football. Further scientific studies are needed for standardisation in football worldwide.
足球是全球最受欢迎的运动，但却伴随着大量的伤病。足球运动中的头部和脑部损伤虽不常见，但可能会导致严重的长期损害。这些损伤的机制是多因素的，球很少是头部受伤的主要原因。足球运动中头球的短期、中期和长期后果尚未得到充分研究，而且几乎没有关于严重事件的病例报告。自2015年11月起，美国青少年足球比赛中禁止头球，鉴于冰球或美式橄榄球等美国流行运动中头部受伤风险较高以及人们对此风险的担忧，这一禁令是可以理解的。然而，禁止足球头球的决定并非基于科学结果，欧洲足球有不同的经验。因此，这一决定不应简单地推广到欧洲。事实上，青少年足球中头部损伤的其他预防策略是必要的，比如调整球的尺寸，这一措施已经实施。没有必要以全面禁止足球头球的形式来改变比赛规则。全球足球标准化还需要进一步的科学研究。
