Constantino Christopher Dominick, Manning Walter H, Nordstrom Susan Naomi
School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38111, United States.
School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38111, United States.
J Fluency Disord. 2017 Sep;53:26-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2017.06.001. Epub 2017 Jun 19.
The experience of passing as fluent, also called covert stuttering, has been uncritically framed as an inherently negative pursuit. Historically passing has been understood as a repression of one's true, authentic self in response to either psychological distress or social discrimination. The authors of this paper seek a more nuanced understanding of passing. We ask, how must a person relate to herself in order to pass as fluent?
This is a qualitative research study in which the authors utilized the ethical theories of philosopher Michel Foucault to contextualize data obtained from semi-structured interviews with nine participants who pass as fluent.
Rather than a repression of an authentic self our data suggests passing is more usefully understood as a form of resistance by people who stutter to a hostile society. Participants learned from experiences of delegitimization that their stuttering had ethical ramifications. Consequently, they used a variety of self-forming practices to pass and thereby achieve the privileges that come with perceived able-bodiedness.
Passing as fluent is not an inauthentic form of stuttering but a form of stuttering that is produced through the use of specific technologies of communication. These technologies of communication are constituted by the unique ethical relationship of the person who stutters with herself. Passing can be understood as an active form of resistance rather than a passive form of repression. By theorizing passing as fluent as an ethical relationship, we open up the possibility of changing the relationship and performing it differently.
表现得流利，也就是所谓的隐性口吃，一直被不加批判地视为一种本质上负面的行为。从历史上看，表现得流利被理解为一个人在面对心理困扰或社会歧视时对真实、本真自我的压抑。本文作者寻求对表现得流利有更细致入微的理解。我们要问，一个人必须如何与自己建立联系才能表现得流利？
这是一项定性研究，作者运用哲学家米歇尔·福柯的伦理理论，将从对九名表现得流利的参与者进行的半结构化访谈中获得的数据置于具体情境中。
我们的数据表明，表现得流利并非对本真自我的压抑，而更应被理解为口吃者对充满敌意的社会的一种抵抗形式。参与者从被剥夺合法性的经历中了解到，他们的口吃具有伦理影响。因此，他们运用各种自我塑造的做法来表现得流利，从而获得因被视为身体健全而带来的特权。
表现得流利并非口吃的一种不真实形式，而是通过运用特定的沟通技巧产生的一种口吃形式。这些沟通技巧由口吃者与自己独特的伦理关系构成。表现得流利可被理解为一种积极的抵抗形式，而非被动的压抑形式。通过将表现得流利理论化为一种伦理关系，我们开启了改变这种关系并以不同方式践行它的可能性。
