Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt, 60590, Germany; Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer Haus, Frankfurt, 60596, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
Semin Immunol. 2017 Aug;32:35-42. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.08.009. Epub 2017 Sep 1.
The microbial community has a decisive role in determining our health and disease susceptibility. Presumably, this is closely associated with the complex community network of bacteria, fungi, archaea and viruses that reside our guts. This dynamic ecosystem exists in a symbiotic relationship with its host and plays a fundamental role in the hosts' physiological functions. The microbial community is highly personalized and therefore exhibits a high degree of inter-individual variability, which is dependent on host specifics such as genetic background, physiology and lifestyle. Although the gut microbiota is shaped early on during birth, there are several factors that affect the composition of microbiota during childhood and adulthood. Among them diet appears to be a consistent and prominent one. The metabolic activity of bacteria affects food digestion, absorption, energy production, and immunity. Thus, definition of the microbiota composition and functional profiles in response to a particular diet may lead to critical information on the direct and indirect role/use of the bacterial community during health and disease. In this review, I discuss gut microbiota and its potential link to cancer with specific emphasis on metabolism and diet.
微生物群落对我们的健康和疾病易感性具有决定性作用。据推测，这与栖息在我们肠道中的细菌、真菌、古菌和病毒的复杂群落网络密切相关。这个动态生态系统与宿主共生，并在宿主的生理功能中发挥着基本作用。微生物群落具有高度的个体特异性，因此表现出高度的个体间变异性，这取决于宿主的具体特征，如遗传背景、生理和生活方式。尽管肠道微生物群在出生时就已经形成，但有几个因素会影响儿童期和成年期的微生物群组成。其中饮食似乎是一个一致且突出的因素。细菌的代谢活动影响食物的消化、吸收、能量产生和免疫。因此，根据特定饮食定义微生物群落的组成和功能特征，可能会提供有关细菌群落在健康和疾病中直接和间接作用/用途的关键信息。在这篇综述中，我讨论了肠道微生物群及其与癌症的潜在联系，特别强调了代谢和饮食。
