Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2018 Apr 1;13(4):412-419. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2017-0110. Epub 2018 May 9.
Athletes' force-power characteristics influence sled velocity during the skeleton start, which is a crucial determinant of performance. This study characterized force-power profile changes across an 18-month period and investigated the associations between these changes and start performance.
Seven elite- and 5 talent-squad skeleton athletes' (representing 80% of registered athletes in the country) force-power profiles and dry-land push-track performances were assessed at multiple time points over two 6-month training periods and one 5-month competition season. Force-power profiles were evaluated using an incremental leg-press test (Keiser A420), and 15-m sled velocity was recorded using photocells.
Across the initial maximum strength development phases, increases in maximum force (F) and decreases in maximum velocity (V) were typically observed. These changes were greater for talent (23.6% and -12.5%, respectively) compared with elite (6.1% and -7.6%, respectively) athletes. Conversely, decreases in F (elite -6.7% and talent -10.3%) and increases in V (elite 8.1% and talent 7.7%) were observed across the winter period, regardless of whether athletes were competing (elite) or accumulating sliding experience (talent). When the training emphasis shifted toward higher-velocity, sprint-based exercises in the second training season, force-power profiles seemed to become more velocity oriented (higher V and more negative force-velocity gradient), which was associated with greater improvements in sled velocity (r = .42 and -.45, respectively).
These unique findings demonstrate the scope to influence force-power-generating capabilities in well-trained skeleton athletes across different training phases. To enhance start performance, it seems important to place particular emphasis on increasing maximum muscle-contraction velocity.
运动员的力量-功率特征会影响骨架起跑时的雪橇速度，这是决定成绩的关键因素。本研究描述了 18 个月期间力量-功率特征的变化，并研究了这些变化与起跑表现之间的关系。
在两个 6 个月的训练期和一个 5 个月的比赛赛季中，对 7 名精英和 5 名人才队的骨架运动员（占该国注册运动员的 80%）的力量-功率特征和旱地推轨表现进行了多次评估。力量-功率特征使用递增腿部压力测试（凯泽 A420）进行评估，15 米雪橇速度使用光电管记录。
在最初的最大力量发展阶段，最大力量（F）增加，最大速度（V）下降。与精英运动员（分别为 6.1%和-7.6%）相比，这些变化在人才队中更大（分别为 23.6%和-12.5%）。相反，在冬季期间，无论运动员是否参加比赛（精英运动员）或积累滑行经验（人才队），都观察到 F 减少（精英运动员-6.7%和人才运动员-10.3%）和 V 增加（精英运动员 8.1%和人才运动员 7.7%）。当训练重点在第二个训练赛季转移到更高速度、冲刺为主的练习时，力量-功率特征似乎变得更加注重速度（更高的 V 和更负的力量-速度梯度），这与雪橇速度的更大提高相关（分别为 r=0.42 和 r=0.45）。
这些独特的发现表明，在不同的训练阶段，有很大的空间可以影响训练有素的骨架运动员的力量-功率产生能力。为了提高起跑表现，似乎特别强调增加最大肌肉收缩速度很重要。
