a Department of Biology , Maynooth University , Maynooth, Co. Kildare , Ireland.
Virulence. 2018 Jan 1;9(1):163-172. doi: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1370174. Epub 2017 Sep 21.
Galleria mellonella larvae were administered an inoculum of Candida albicans and the response to infection over 24 hours was monitored. The yeast cell density in infected larvae declined initially but replication commenced six hours post-infection. The hemocyte density decreased from 5.2 × 10/ml to 2.5 × 10/ml at 2 hours but increased to 4.2 × 106 at 6 hours and decreased subsequently. Administration of β - glucan to larvae also caused a fluctuation in hemocyte density (5.1 ± 0.22 × 10/ml (0 hour) to 6.25 ± 0.25 × 106/ml (6 hour) (p < 0.05) to 5 ± 2.7 × 106 (24 hour)) and the population showed an increase in the density of small, granular cells at 24 hours (p < 0.05). Hemocytes from larvae inoculated with β - glucan for 6 or 24 hours showed faster killing of C. albicans cells (53 ± 4.1% (p < 0.01), 64 ± 3.7%, (p < 0.01), respectively) than hemocytes from control larvae (24 ± 11%) at 60 min. Proteomic analysis indicated increased abundance of immune related proteins cecropin-A (5 fold) and prophenoloxidase-activating proteinase-1 (5 fold) 6 hours post infection but by 24 hours there was elevated abundance of muscle (tropomyosin 2 (141 fold), calponin (66 fold), troponin I (62 fold)) and proteins indicative of cellular stress (glutathione-S-transferase-like protein (114 fold)), fungal dissemination (muscle protein 20-like protein (174 fold)) and tissue breakdown (mitochondrial cytochrome c (10 fold)). Proteins decreased in abundance at 24 hour included β - 1,3 - glucan recognition protein precursor (29 fold) and prophenoloxidase subunit 2 (25 fold).
用接种了白色念珠菌的美洲幼虫蜡螟幼虫进行实验，并监测 24 小时内的感染反应。感染幼虫中的酵母细胞密度最初下降，但在感染后 6 小时开始复制。血细胞密度从 5.2×10/ml 下降到 2 小时时的 2.5×10/ml，但在 6 小时时增加到 4.2×106，随后又下降。向幼虫中添加 β-葡聚糖也会引起血细胞密度波动（0 小时时为 5.1±0.22×10/ml，6 小时时为 6.25±0.25×106/ml（p<0.05），24 小时时为 5±2.7×106/ml），并且种群中在 24 小时时显示出小颗粒细胞密度增加（p<0.05）。用β-葡聚糖接种 6 或 24 小时的幼虫的血细胞对白色念珠菌细胞的杀伤速度更快（60 分钟时分别为 53±4.1%（p<0.01），64±3.7%（p<0.01）），而对照幼虫的血细胞为 24±11%。蛋白质组学分析表明，感染后 6 小时免疫相关蛋白防御素-A（5 倍）和酚氧化酶原激活蛋白酶-1（5 倍）的丰度增加，但 24 小时时肌肉（原肌球蛋白 2（141 倍），钙调蛋白（66 倍），肌钙蛋白 I（62 倍））和细胞应激（谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶样蛋白（114 倍））、真菌传播（肌肉蛋白 20 样蛋白（174 倍））和组织分解（线粒体细胞色素 c（10 倍））的蛋白质丰度增加。24 小时时丰度降低的蛋白质包括β-1,3-葡聚糖识别蛋白前体（29 倍）和酚氧化酶亚基 2（25 倍）。
