Murphy Timothy F
Bioethics. 2018 Jan;32(1):3-9. doi: 10.1111/bioe.12386. Epub 2017 Sep 5.
Queer perspectives have typically emerged from sexual minorities as a way of repudiating flawed views of sexuality, mischaracterized relationships, and objectionable social treatment of people with atypical sexuality or gender expression. In this vein, one commentator offers a queer critique of the conceptualization of children in regard to their value for people's identities and relationships. According to this account, children are morally problematic given the values that make them desirable, their displacement of other beings and things entitled to moral protection, not to mention the damaging environmental effects that follow in the wake of population growth. Objectionable views of children are said even to have colonized the view of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and trans (LGBT) people who - with the enthusiastic endorsement of bioethics - increasingly turn to assisted reproductive treatments to have children. In the face of these outcomes, it is better - according to this account - that people reconsider their interest in children. This account is not, however, ultimately strong enough to override people's interest in having children, relative to the benefits they confer and relative to the benefits conferred on children themselves. It is certainly not strong enough to justify differential treatment of LGBT people in matters of assisted reproductive treatments. Environmental threats in the wake of population growth might be managed in ways other than devaluing children as such. Moreover, this account ultimately damages the interests of LGBT people in matters of access, equity, and children, which outcome is paradoxical, given the origins of queer perspectives as efforts to assert and defend the social interests of sexual and gender minorities.
酷儿视角通常由性少数群体提出,作为一种驳斥关于性取向的错误观点、对关系的错误描述以及对非典型性取向或性别表达者令人反感的社会对待方式的途径。在这方面,一位评论家对儿童概念化提出了酷儿批判,涉及儿童对于人们身份认同和人际关系的价值。根据这种观点,鉴于使儿童变得 desirable 的那些价值、他们对其他有权获得道德保护的生物和事物的取代,更不用说人口增长带来的破坏性环境影响,儿童在道德上是有问题的。甚至有人说,对儿童的令人反感的观点已经渗透到女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和跨性别者(LGBT)的观念中,他们在生物伦理学的热情支持下,越来越多地求助于辅助生殖治疗来生育孩子。面对这些结果,按照这种观点,人们最好重新考虑他们对孩子的兴趣。然而,相对于孩子所带来的益处以及带给孩子自身的益处而言,这种观点最终并不足以强大到能够压倒人们想要孩子的兴趣。它肯定也不足以成为在辅助生殖治疗问题上对 LGBT 人群区别对待的正当理由。人口增长带来的环境威胁或许可以通过其他方式来应对,而不是贬低儿童本身。此外,这种观点最终损害了 LGBT 人群在获得机会、公平以及孩子方面的利益,考虑到酷儿视角最初是为了维护和捍卫性少数群体及性别少数群体的社会利益,这样的结果是自相矛盾的。 (注:“desirable”在文中结合语境推测可能是指因某些价值观念使得孩子在特定视角下变得“有价值”之类的意思,但单独这样翻译在语义上不太完整准确,只是为了尽量保持原文意思完整呈现。)