Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Food Res Int. 2017 Oct;100(Pt 1):28-52. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.07.080. Epub 2017 Aug 2.
The recent years witnessed a change in the perception of nutrition. Diet does not only provide nutrients to meet the metabolic requirements of the body, but it also constitutes an active way for the consumption of compounds beneficial for human health. Fruit and vegetables are an excellent source of such compounds, thus the growing interest in characterizing phytochemical sources, structures and activities. Given the interest for phytochemicals in food, the development of advanced and suitable analytical techniques for their identification is fundamental for the advancement of food research. In this review, the state of the art of phytochemical research in food plants is described, starting from sample preparation, throughout extract clean-up and compound separation techniques, to the final analysis, considering both qualitative and quantitative investigations. In this regard, from an analytical point of view, fruit and vegetable extracts are complex matrices, which greatly benefit from the use of modern hyphenated techniques, in particular from the combination of high performance liquid chromatography separation and high resolution mass spectrometry, powerful tools which are being increasingly used in the recent years. Therefore, selected applications to real samples are presented and discussed, in particular for the analysis of phenols, polyphenols and phenolic acids. Finally, some hot points are discussed, such as waste characterization for high value-compounds recovery and the untargeted metabolomics approach.
近年来，人们对营养的认识发生了变化。饮食不仅提供满足身体代谢需求的营养物质，而且还构成了消耗对人体健康有益的化合物的积极方式。水果和蔬菜是此类化合物的极好来源，因此人们越来越关注植物化学物质的特性、结构和活性。鉴于人们对食品中植物化学物质的兴趣，开发用于鉴定它们的先进且合适的分析技术对于推进食品研究至关重要。在本综述中，从样品制备开始，描述了食品植物中植物化学物质研究的最新进展，涵盖了提取物净化和化合物分离技术，以及最终的分析，同时考虑了定性和定量研究。在这方面，从分析的角度来看，水果和蔬菜提取物是复杂的基质，非常受益于现代联用技术的使用，特别是高效液相色谱分离与高分辨率质谱的联用，这些强大的工具近年来越来越多地被应用。因此，本文还介绍和讨论了一些实际应用，特别是用于分析酚类、多酚和酚酸的应用。最后，还讨论了一些热点问题，例如废物特性分析以回收高价值化合物和非靶向代谢组学方法。
