Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 389 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8134, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
Prev Sci. 2018 Aug;19(6):795-804. doi: 10.1007/s11121-017-0838-5.
The current investigation assessed for moderating effects of childhood trauma on genetic and environmental contributions to timing of alcohol use initiation and alcohol use disorder in African American (AA) and European American (EA) women. Data were drawn from diagnostic telephone interviews conducted with 3786 participants (14.6% AA) in a longitudinal female twin study. Childhood trauma was defined alternately as child maltreatment and more broadly to include other events (e.g., witnessing violence). Phenotypic associations between childhood trauma and alcohol outcomes were estimated using logistic regression analyses. Twin modeling was conducted to test for moderating effects of childhood trauma on the contributions of genetic and environmental factors to timing of initiation and alcohol use disorder. Under both definitions, childhood trauma was associated with early initiation (relative risk ratios: 1.90, 1.72) and alcohol use disorder (odds ratios: 1.92, 1.76). Yet gene by environment effects were observed only for child maltreatment and timing of initiation in EA women, with heritable influences less prominent in those who had experienced child maltreatment (0.35, 95% CI: 0.05-0.66 vs. 0.52, 95% CI: 0.30-0.73). We found more similarities than differences in the association of childhood trauma with alcohol outcomes across racial/ethnic groups, trauma type, and stages of alcohol use. However, findings suggest that the relative contribution of genetic factors to alcohol outcomes differs by childhood maltreatment history in EA women specifically in the earliest stage of alcohol use.
本研究旨在评估童年创伤对非裔美国（AA）和欧洲裔美国（EA）女性饮酒起始和酒精使用障碍的遗传和环境因素的影响的调节作用。研究数据来自一项纵向女性双胞胎研究的诊断性电话访谈，共涉及 3786 名参与者（14.6%为 AA 女性）。童年创伤被定义为儿童期虐待，也包括其他事件（如目睹暴力）。使用逻辑回归分析估计童年创伤与酒精结局之间的表型关联。通过双胞胎模型检验童年创伤对遗传和环境因素对起始时间和酒精使用障碍的贡献的调节作用。根据两种定义，童年创伤均与早期起始（相对风险比：1.90，1.72）和酒精使用障碍（比值比：1.92，1.76）相关。然而，仅在 EA 女性中观察到了儿童期虐待与起始时间之间的基因与环境的相互作用，且经历过儿童期虐待的女性遗传影响更为突出（0.35，95%CI：0.05-0.66 与 0.52，95%CI：0.30-0.73）。我们发现，在跨种族/族裔群体、创伤类型和饮酒阶段中，童年创伤与酒精结局的关联具有更多的相似之处，而不是差异。然而，研究结果表明，遗传因素对 EA 女性酒精结局的相对贡献因童年期虐待史而异，特别是在酒精使用的最早阶段。
