Abd El-Salam Magda Magdy, Farahat Mohamed F, Abu-Zuid Gaber I, Saad Samia G
Biology Department, College of Science and Humanity Studies, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Environmental Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Environ Monit Assess. 2017 Sep 5;189(10):486. doi: 10.1007/s10661-017-6214-x.
Egypt is encouraging micro-scale enterprises as proved to be one of the most important reasons of economic growth. Most of the annual milk production is processed in micro-scale dairy enterprises located in squatter areas with high health risks and negative environmental impact. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of in-plant control measures in controlling lead and cadmium levels in dairy products from nine Egyptian micro-scale enterprises. The results revealed that white cheese enterprises had the highest mean lead and cadmium contents; both in their raw milk (0.712 and 0.134 mg/L, respectively) and final products (0.419 and 0.061 mg/kg). Higher compliance percentages were found with cadmium levels specified in the Egyptian standards than with lead levels and ranged from 59.4% in raw milk to 100% in dry milk for cadmium levels and from 8.3% in white cheese to 66.7% in ice cream for lead; moreover, none of the collected raw milk samples were complying with the lead levels. After implementation of in-plant control measures, lower lead levels were found in all samples with reduction percentages ranging from 35.2% in raw milk from the ice cream enterprises to 73.2% in yoghurt; moreover, higher percentages of samples complied with cadmium levels. This study highlights the urgent need for applying in-plant control measures to the Egyptian micro-scale dairy enterprises to improve both safety and quality of their products.
埃及正在鼓励微型企业，事实证明这是经济增长的最重要原因之一。每年生产的大部分牛奶都在位于棚户区的微型乳制品企业中加工，这些企业存在较高的健康风险和负面环境影响。本研究的目的是评估工厂内控制措施对控制埃及九家微型企业乳制品中铅和镉含量的有效性。结果显示，白奶酪企业的原奶（分别为0.712和0.134毫克/升）和最终产品（分别为0.419和0.061毫克/千克）中的铅和镉平均含量最高。埃及标准中规定的镉含量的合规百分比高于铅含量，镉含量的合规百分比从原奶中的59.4%到奶粉中的100%不等，铅含量的合规百分比从白奶酪中的8.3%到冰淇淋中的66.7%不等；此外，所采集的原奶样品均不符合铅含量标准。实施工厂内控制措施后，所有样品中的铅含量均降低，降低百分比从冰淇淋企业原奶中的35.2%到酸奶中的73.2%不等；此外，更多样品符合镉含量标准。本研究强调迫切需要对埃及微型乳制品企业实施工厂内控制措施，以提高其产品的安全性和质量。
