Dairy Microorganisms and Cheese Research Laboratory (DMCR), Department of Dairy Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Agriculture Research Centre (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute, Reference Lab for Food Safety Analysis of Animal Origin, Alexandria Food Inspection Lab, Alexandria, Egypt.
Open Vet J. 2024 Feb;14(2):640-651. doi: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i2.4. Epub 2024 Feb 29.
The assessment of risks related to food safety is becoming a challenge in developing countries with its consequent health hazards. Chemical risk assessment in dairy products is important to maintain consumer health locally and internationally. Since milk and dairy products are essential foods for a wide range of customers, mostly children, patients, and pregnant women, it is very important to estimate the risks of some chemical residues, such as pesticides, some heavy metals, and aflatoxins.
This work aims to determine the levels of chemical contamination in milk and traditional Egyptian cheese.
Heavy metals were determined in samples by atomic absorption spectrometry. GC-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS and LC-MS/MS were also used for measuring pesticide residues. The Aflatoxin M1 was determined by enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay.
Raw milk samples were tested and showed elevated concentrations of lead and cadmium, (46% and 4%, respectively). The heavy metals detected in the Egyptian cheese samples were variable depending on the type of cheese. Moreover, p.p.-DDE phenofose was present in 45% and 29% of raw milk and Ras cheese samples, respectively. For Aflatoxin M1, only 7% of milk samples and 2.9% of Ras cheese samples exceeded the acceptable limits.
More surveying and risk assessment of chemical residues in milk and milk products are essential for controlling health risks to consumers.
食品安全相关风险的评估在发展中国家正成为一项挑战，这会带来相应的健康危害。乳制品的化学风险评估对于维护当地和国际消费者的健康非常重要。由于牛奶和奶制品是广泛客户（主要是儿童、患者和孕妇）的基本食品，因此估计一些化学残留物（如农药、某些重金属和黄曲霉毒素）的风险非常重要。
本工作旨在测定牛奶和传统埃及奶酪中的化学污染物水平。
采用原子吸收光谱法测定样品中的重金属。还使用 GC-MS/MS 和 LC-MS/MS 来测量农药残留。采用酶联免疫吸附测定法测定黄曲霉毒素 M1。
对原料奶样品进行了测试，结果显示铅和镉的浓度升高（分别为 46%和 4%）。在埃及奶酪样品中检测到的重金属因奶酪类型而异。此外，在原料奶和 Ras 奶酪样品中分别有 45%和 29%存在 p,p’-DDE 酚。对于黄曲霉毒素 M1，只有 7%的牛奶样品和 2.9%的 Ras 奶酪样品超过了可接受的限量。
对于控制消费者的健康风险，有必要对牛奶和奶制品中的化学残留物进行更多的调查和风险评估。
