aDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz bInstitute for Sex Research and Forensic Psychiatry cDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2017 Nov;30(6):409-416. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000369.
The combination of the core symptoms, characterizing individuals with autism-spectrum disorder (ASD), can lead to problems in romantic relationships and sexual functioning. The purpose of this article is to review studies on sexuality in individuals with ASD published since January 2016.
Individuals with ASD and especially women show a higher diversity in sexual orientation in comparison with the non-ASD population. Furthermore, ASD women are more frequently in a relationship and usually report more previous sexual experiences. Up to now, sexual education programs specifically addressing the needs of the ASD population were scarce, which was criticized by patients, their parents, and caregivers. With the development of the Tackling Teenage Training program, a psychoeducational intervention designed specifically for ASD individuals was introduced, leading to significant improvements in psychosexual functioning and knowledge. Such programs are needed because a considerable rate of problematic sexual behaviors, including public masturbation and paraphilic sexual interests were found in the ASD population.
Just like their typically developing counterparts, individuals with ASD show the whole range of normal-to-problematic sexual behaviors. Improving sexual knowledge could lead to less inappropriate sexual behaviors and could improve sexual health as part of a healthy and satisfying life.
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）患者的核心症状表现可导致其在恋爱关系和性功能方面出现问题。本文旨在回顾自 2016 年 1 月以来发表的关于 ASD 患者性行为的研究。
与非 ASD 人群相比，ASD 患者，尤其是女性，其性取向呈现出更高的多样性。此外，ASD 女性更有可能处于恋爱关系中，且通常报告有更多的性经历。迄今为止，专门针对 ASD 人群需求的性教育项目还很少，这受到了患者、他们的父母和照顾者的批评。随着 Tackling Teenage Training 项目的发展，专门为 ASD 个体设计的心理教育干预措施被引入，这导致了性心理功能和知识方面的显著改善。由于 ASD 人群中存在相当比例的问题性行为，包括当众手淫和性变态兴趣，因此需要此类项目。
与他们的典型同龄人一样，ASD 患者表现出正常到异常的各种性行为。提高性知识可以减少不适当的性行为，并可以改善性健康，作为健康和满意生活的一部分。
