Smale Dan A, Taylor Joe D, Coombs Steve H, Moore Gerald, Cunliffe Michael
Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK.
Proc Biol Sci. 2017 Sep 13;284(1862). doi: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0534.
Temperature variability is a major driver of ecological pattern, with recent changes in average and extreme temperatures having significant impacts on populations, communities and ecosystems. In the marine realm, very few experiments have manipulated temperature , and current understanding of temperature effects on community dynamics is limited. We developed new technology for precise seawater temperature control to examine warming effects on communities of bacteria, microbial eukaryotes (protists) and metazoans. Despite highly contrasting phylogenies, size spectra and diversity levels, the three community types responded similarly to seawater warming treatments of +3°C and +5°C, highlighting the critical and overarching importance of temperature in structuring communities. Temperature effects were detectable at coarse taxonomic resolutions and many taxa responded positively to warming, leading to increased abundances at the community-level. Novel field-based experimental approaches are essential to improve mechanistic understanding of how ocean warming will alter the structure and functioning of diverse marine communities.
温度变异性是生态格局的主要驱动因素，近期平均温度和极端温度的变化对种群、群落和生态系统产生了重大影响。在海洋领域，很少有实验对温度进行操控，目前对温度对群落动态影响的理解有限。我们开发了精确控制海水温度的新技术，以研究变暖对细菌、微生物真核生物（原生生物）和后生动物群落的影响。尽管这三种群落类型在系统发育、大小谱和多样性水平上存在很大差异，但它们对+3°C和+5°C的海水变暖处理的反应相似，突出了温度在构建群落中的关键和首要重要性。在粗略的分类分辨率下就能检测到温度效应，许多分类群对变暖有积极反应，导致群落水平上的丰度增加。新颖的基于实地的实验方法对于提高对海洋变暖将如何改变多样海洋群落的结构和功能的机制理解至关重要。
