Weinstein Aviv M, Rosca Paola, Fattore Liana, London Edythe D
Department of Behavioral Science, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
Department for the Treatment of Substance Abuse, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel.
Front Psychiatry. 2017 Aug 23;8:156. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00156. eCollection 2017.
As part of an increasing worldwide use of designer drugs, recent use of compounds containing cathinones and synthetic cannabinoids is especially prevalent. Here, we reviewed current literature on the prevalence, epidemiology, bio-behavioral effects, and detection of these compounds. Gender differences and clinical effects will also be examined. Chronic use of synthetic cathinone compounds can have major effects on the central nervous system and can induce acute psychosis, hypomania, paranoid ideation, and delusions, similar to the effects of other better-known amphetamine-type stimulants. Synthetic cannabinoid products have effects that are somewhat similar to those of natural cannabis but more potent and long-lasting than THC. Some of these compounds are potent and dangerous, having been linked to psychosis, mania, and suicidal ideation. Novel compounds are developed rapidly and new screening techniques are needed to detect them as well as a rigorous regulation and legislation reinforcement to prevent their distribution and use. Given the rapid increase in the use of synthetic cathinones and cannabinoid designer drugs, their potential for dependence and abuse, and harmful medical and psychiatric effects, there is a need for research and education in the areas of prevention and treatment.
作为全球范围内日益增多的新型毒品使用现象的一部分，近期含有卡西酮和合成大麻素的化合物的使用尤为普遍。在此，我们回顾了关于这些化合物的流行情况、流行病学、生物行为效应及检测的当前文献。还将研究性别差异和临床效应。长期使用合成卡西酮化合物会对中枢神经系统产生重大影响，并可诱发急性精神病、轻躁狂、偏执观念和妄想，类似于其他更知名的苯丙胺类兴奋剂的作用。合成大麻素产品的作用与天然大麻的作用有些相似，但比四氢大麻酚更有效且持久。其中一些化合物效力强大且危险，与精神病、躁狂和自杀观念有关。新型化合物迅速研发出来，需要新的筛查技术来检测它们，同时需要加强严格的监管和立法以防止其流通和使用。鉴于合成卡西酮和大麻素类新型毒品的使用迅速增加、它们的依赖和滥用潜力以及有害的医学和精神影响，在预防和治疗领域需要进行研究和教育。
