Huang Ann X, Hughes Tammy L, Sutton Lawrence R, Lawrence Marissa, Chen Xiaohan, Ji Zhe, Zeleke Waganesh
Department of Counseling, Psychology and Special Education, School of Education, Duquesne University, PittsburghPA, United States.
Director of International Students Affairs, Vincennes University, VincennesIN, United States.
Front Psychol. 2017 Aug 22;8:1422. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01422. eCollection 2017.
When the system of self is explored in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs), it is important to measure it via both their own perceptions of the self and their understanding of others' perceptions on themselves at a multidimensional level. This paper reviews existing research in this area using a three-dimension approach. Researchers have found that impairments in the self-system are usually correlated with these individuals' social and cognitive functioning levels: high functioning individuals with ASD who have higher IQ are found to have better awareness of their limitations in social and communication domains than those with lower IQ. Many researchers believe that there impairments in the psychological (but not physical) self in individuals with ASD, such as theory of mind deficits due to social and communicative impairments. On the other hand, some researchers argue that individuals with ASD have rather than impairments in the self. In other words, the impairment usually lies in a specific aspect of functioning in individuals with ASD. Insights from the review of existing literature on this topic may be able to shed some lights on the development of effective intervention programs to improve social communication deficits in this population.
当在自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）个体中探索自我系统时，通过他们对自我的感知以及在多维层面上对他人对自己看法的理解来进行测量非常重要。本文使用三维方法回顾了该领域的现有研究。研究人员发现，自我系统的损伤通常与这些个体的社会和认知功能水平相关：发现智商较高的高功能ASD个体比智商较低的个体对自己在社交和沟通领域的局限性有更好的认识。许多研究人员认为，ASD个体在心理（而非身体）自我方面存在损伤，例如由于社交和沟通障碍导致的心理理论缺陷。另一方面，一些研究人员认为，ASD个体在自我方面存在的是差异而非损伤。换句话说，损伤通常存在于ASD个体功能的特定方面。对该主题现有文献的综述所得出的见解或许能够为制定有效的干预计划提供一些启示，以改善这一人群的社交沟通缺陷。
