Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 312 John Morgan building, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2018;26:81-92. doi: 10.21775/cimb.026.081. Epub 2017 Sep 7.
The CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)-Cas9 (CRISPR-associated nuclease 9) method has been dramatically changing the field of genome engineering. It is a rapid, highly efficient and versatile tool for precise modification of genome that uses a guide RNA (gRNA) to target Cas9 to a specific sequence. This novel RNA-guided genome-editing technique has become a revolutionary tool in biomedical science and has many innovative applications in different fields. In this review, we briefly introduce the Cas9-mediated genome-editing tool, summarize the recent advances in CRISPR/Cas9 technology to engineer the genomes of a wide variety of organisms, and discuss their applications to treatment of fungal and viral disease. We also discuss advantageous of CRISPR/Cas9 technology to drug design, creation of animal model, and to food, agricultural and energy sciences. Adoption of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology in biomedical and biotechnological researches would create innovative applications of it not only for breeding of strains exhibiting desired traits for specific industrial and medical applications, but also for investigation of genome function.
CRISPR（成簇规律间隔短回文重复）-Cas9（CRISPR 相关核酸酶 9）方法正在极大地改变基因组工程领域。它是一种快速、高效、多功能的精确基因组修饰工具，利用向导 RNA（gRNA）将 Cas9 靶向特定序列。这种新型 RNA 引导的基因组编辑技术已成为生物医学科学的革命性工具，并在不同领域有许多创新应用。在这篇综述中，我们简要介绍了 Cas9 介导的基因组编辑工具，总结了 CRISPR/Cas9 技术在编辑各种生物体基因组方面的最新进展，并讨论了它们在真菌和病毒疾病治疗中的应用。我们还讨论了 CRISPR/Cas9 技术在药物设计、动物模型创建以及食品、农业和能源科学中的优势。CRISPR/Cas9 技术在生物医学和生物技术研究中的采用不仅将为具有特定工业和医疗应用所需特性的菌株的培育创造创新应用，也将为基因组功能的研究创造创新应用。
