Gröger Henriette, Kind Christian, Leidinger Peter, Roming Marcus, Feldmann Claus
Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
Materials (Basel). 2010 Aug 12;3(8):4355-4386. doi: 10.3390/ma3084355.
A wide variety of nanoscale hollow spheres can be obtained via a microemulsion approach. This includes oxides (e.g., ZnO, TiO₂, SnO₂, AlO(OH), La(OH)₃), sulfides (e.g., Cu₂S, CuS) as well as elemental metals (e.g., Ag, Au). All hollow spheres are realized with outer diameters of 10-60 nm, an inner cavity size of 2-30 nm and a wall thickness of 2-15 nm. The microemulsion approach allows modification of the composition of the hollow spheres, fine-tuning their diameter and encapsulation of various ingredients inside the resulting "nanocontainers". This review summarizes the experimental conditions of synthesis and compares them to other methods of preparing hollow spheres. Moreover, the structural characterization and selected properties of the as-prepared hollow spheres are discussed. The latter is especially focused on container-functionalities with the encapsulation of inorganic salts (e.g., KSCN, K₂S₂O₈, KF), biomolecules/bioactive molecules (e.g., phenylalanine, quercetin, nicotinic acid) and fluorescent dyes (e.g., rhodamine, riboflavin) as representative examples.
通过微乳液法可以获得各种各样的纳米级空心球。这包括氧化物（如ZnO、TiO₂、SnO₂、AlO(OH)、La(OH)₃）、硫化物（如Cu₂S、CuS）以及单质金属（如Ag、Au）。所有空心球的外径为10 - 60 nm，内腔尺寸为2 - 30 nm，壁厚为2 - 15 nm。微乳液法允许对空心球的组成进行改性，微调其直径，并将各种成分封装在所得的“纳米容器”中。本综述总结了合成的实验条件，并将其与制备空心球的其他方法进行了比较。此外，还讨论了所制备空心球的结构表征和选定的性能。后者特别关注具有封装无机盐（如KSCN、K₂S₂O₈、KF）、生物分子/生物活性分子（如苯丙氨酸、槲皮素、烟酸）和荧光染料（如罗丹明、核黄素）等代表性例子的容器功能。
