Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, United States.
Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, United States.
Sci Rep. 2017 Sep 7;7(1):10858. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-10682-7.
A reminder can temporarily renew flexibility of consolidated memories, referred to as reconsolidation. Pavlovian threat-conditioning studies suggest that a reminder can renew flexibility of threat responses but that episodic memories remain stable. In contrast, outside the threat-conditioning domain, studies testing memory for word lists or stories find that a reminder can renew flexibility of episodic memory. This discrepancy in findings leaves it unclear if episodic memories reconsolidate, or only Pavlovian responses. Here we unite the different approaches in the field and show that a reminder can retroactively strengthen episodic memory for Pavlovian threat-conditioned events, but that, in contrast to threat-conditioning studies with simple sensory stimuli, extinction after a reminder fails to prevent recovery of generalized threat responses. Our results indicate the episodic memories also reconsolidate, allowing strengthening of relevant memories. These findings also suggest that generalized threat responses and episodic memories are less susceptible to be modified by reminder-interventions procedures.
提醒可以暂时恢复巩固记忆的灵活性,这种现象被称为再巩固。巴甫洛夫条件反射研究表明,提醒可以恢复威胁反应的灵活性,但情景记忆保持稳定。相比之下,在条件反射领域之外,测试单词列表或故事记忆的研究发现,提醒可以恢复情景记忆的灵活性。这些发现之间的差异不清楚是否情景记忆会再巩固,还是只有巴甫洛夫反应会再巩固。在这里,我们将该领域的不同方法结合起来,表明提醒可以回溯性地增强对条件反射威胁事件的情景记忆,但与使用简单感官刺激的条件反射研究相反,提醒后的消退并不能阻止泛化威胁反应的恢复。我们的结果表明情景记忆也会再巩固,从而允许加强相关记忆。这些发现还表明,泛化的威胁反应和情景记忆不太容易受到提醒干预程序的影响。
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