Criddle Thalia-Rae, Gordon Newton C, Blakey George, Bell R Bryan
Postgraduate Year 1 Intern, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.
Chief of Dentistry and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, San Francisco, CA.
J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2017 Dec;75(12):2489-2496. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2017.08.012. Epub 2017 Aug 12.
There are few data available on the experience of minority surgeons in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to 1) explore factors that contribute to African Americans choosing OMS as a career, 2) examine satisfaction among minority oral and maxillofacial surgeons with the residency application and training process, 3) report on practice patterns among minority oral and maxillofacial surgeons, and 4) identify perceived bias for or against minority oral and maxillofacial surgeons in an attempt to aid the efforts of OMS residency organizations to foster diversity.
A 19-item survey was sent to 80 OMS practitioners by use of information from the mailing list of the National Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, an American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons-affiliated organization. All surveys were sent by mail and were followed by a reminder mailing after 8 weeks. Responses returned within 16 weeks were accepted for analysis.
Of the 80 mailed surveys, 41 were returned within the 16-week parameter, representing a return rate of 51%. Most of the minority surgeon respondents were married men with a mean age of 60 years who worked as private practitioners. Most respondents practiced on the eastern and western coasts of the United States. Exposure in dental school was the most important factor in selecting OMS as a specialty. Location and prestige were the most important factors in selecting a residency program. Most respondents reported that race did not affect the success of their application to a residency program and did not currently affect the success of their practice. However, 25 to 46% of participants experienced race-related harassment, and 48 to 55% of participants believed there was a bias against African Americans in OMS.
Our data suggest that a substantial number of minority oral and maxillofacial surgeons subjectively perceive race-based bias in their career, although it does not appear to affect professional success.
关于少数族裔外科医生在口腔颌面外科（OMS）领域的经历，现有数据较少。因此，本研究的目的是：1）探究促使非裔美国人选择OMS作为职业的因素；2）调查少数族裔口腔颌面外科医生对住院医师申请和培训过程的满意度；3）报告少数族裔口腔颌面外科医生的执业模式；4）识别对少数族裔口腔颌面外科医生存在的支持或反对的偏见，以协助OMS住院医师培训组织为促进多样性所做的努力。
通过使用美国口腔颌面外科医师协会附属组织——美国口腔颌面外科医师学会的邮件列表信息，向80名OMS从业者发送了一份包含19个条目的调查问卷。所有调查问卷均通过邮寄方式发送，8周后进行催复邮件。在16周内回复的问卷被纳入分析。
在80份邮寄的调查问卷中，有41份在16周的期限内被退回，回复率为51%。大多数少数族裔外科医生受访者为已婚男性，平均年龄60岁，从事私人执业。大多数受访者在美国东海岸和西海岸执业。在牙科学院的接触是选择OMS作为专业的最重要因素。地点和声誉是选择住院医师培训项目的最重要因素。大多数受访者报告称，种族并未影响他们申请住院医师培训项目的成功率，目前也未影响他们执业的成功率。然而，25%至46%的参与者经历过与种族相关的骚扰，48%至55%的参与者认为在OMS领域存在对非裔美国人的偏见。
我们的数据表明，相当数量的少数族裔口腔颌面外科医生在其职业生涯中主观上察觉到基于种族的偏见，尽管这似乎并未影响职业成功。
