Risser M J, Laskin D M
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298-0566, USA.
J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1996 Jun;54(6):753-7. doi: 10.1016/s0278-2391(96)90697-7.
This study analyzed the factors that attract women to the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery, their attitudes toward various aspects of the specialty, current practice patterns, and biases that may have been or are still being encountered.
Surveys were mailed to practicing female oral and maxillofacial surgeons, to oral and maxillofacial surgery residency programs to be distributed to their female residents, and to male and female dental students.
A total of 107 surveys were sent to practicing female surgeons and 105 to oral and maxillofacial surgery programs. There was a return rate of 71% and 70%, respectively. Practicing female oral and maxillofacial surgeons tended to be young, Caucasian, and married. Fifty-nine percent were boarded, and 47% owned their own practices. Four of 76 had interrupted their residencies, and 18 had interrupted their practices at some point. More than 64% of practicing female oral and maxillofacial surgeons believed that there was a bias against women in this field. Female residents showed an overwhelming satisfaction with their career choice, but nearly half of them alluded to the need for dedication, a restriction of social life, or a concern for entering an male-dominated field. For students, the time commitment during residency and while in practice, and compromised family and social life, were the most commonly mentioned deterrents to entering oral and maxillofacial surgery, and lifestyle and the excitement of the field were its major attractions.
Despite some biases in the field, women are practicing oral and maxillofacial surgery full time and are combining their career with full family lives. Among dental students, the time commitment and social compromise are the largest deterrents to entering the specialty of oral and maxillofacial surgery.
本研究分析了吸引女性投身口腔颌面外科领域的因素、她们对该专业各个方面的态度、当前的执业模式以及可能曾经或仍在遇到的偏见。
向在职女性口腔颌面外科医生、口腔颌面外科住院医师培训项目（以便分发给其女性住院医师）以及男女牙科学生邮寄调查问卷。
共向在职女性外科医生发送了107份调查问卷，向口腔颌面外科项目发送了105份。回复率分别为71%和70%。在职女性口腔颌面外科医生往往较为年轻、是白种人且已婚。59%的人获得了专科医师资格认证，47%的人拥有自己的诊所。76人中有4人中断了住院医师培训，18人在某些时候中断了执业。超过64%的在职女性口腔颌面外科医生认为该领域存在对女性的偏见。女性住院医师对自己的职业选择表现出极高的满意度，但近一半的人提到需要奉献精神、社交生活受限，或者担心进入男性主导的领域。对于学生而言，住院医师培训期间及执业时所需投入的时间以及家庭和社交生活受到影响，是最常被提及的阻碍进入口腔颌面外科的因素，而生活方式和该领域的吸引力则是其主要吸引力所在。
尽管该领域存在一些偏见，但女性仍在全职从事口腔颌面外科工作，并将职业与完整的家庭生活相结合。在牙科学生中，所需投入的时间和社交方面的妥协是进入口腔颌面外科专业的最大阻碍。
