KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden.
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Industrial Engineering and Management, Department of Machine Design, Brinellvägen 83, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden.
J Hazard Mater. 2018 Jan 15;342:527-535. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.08.070. Epub 2017 Aug 31.
Welding fume of stainless steels is potentially health hazardous. The aim of this study was to investigate the manganese (Mn) and chromium (Cr) speciation of welding fume particles and their extent of metal release relevant for an inhalation scenario, as a function of particle size, welding method (manual metal arc welding, metal arc welding using an active shielding gas), different electrodes (solid wires and flux-cored wires) and shielding gases, and base alloy (austenitic AISI 304L and duplex stainless steel LDX2101). Metal release investigations were performed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.3, 37°, 24h. The particles were characterized by means of microscopic, spectroscopic, and electroanalytical methods. Cr was predominantly released from particles of the welding fume when exposed in PBS [3-96% of the total amount of Cr, of which up to 70% as Cr(VI)], followed by Mn, nickel, and iron. Duplex stainless steel welded with a flux-cored wire generated a welding fume that released most Cr(VI). Nano-sized particles released a significantly higher amount of nickel compared with micron-sized particle fractions. The welding fume did not contain any solitary known chromate compounds, but multi-elemental highly oxidized oxide(s) (iron, Cr, and Mn, possibly bismuth and silicon).
不锈钢焊接烟尘具有潜在的健康危害。本研究的目的是研究焊接烟尘颗粒中锰（Mn）和铬（Cr）的形态及其在吸入情况下的金属释放程度，作为粒径、焊接方法（手动金属电弧焊、使用活性保护气体的金属电弧焊）、不同电极（实心焊丝和药芯焊丝）和保护气体以及基础合金（奥氏体 AISI 304L 和双相不锈钢 LDX2101）的函数。在磷酸盐缓冲盐水（PBS）中进行金属释放研究，pH 值为 7.3，37°C，24 小时。通过显微镜、光谱和电化学方法对颗粒进行了表征。当在 PBS 中暴露时，Cr 主要从焊接烟尘颗粒中释放[3-96%的总 Cr 量，其中高达 70%为 Cr(VI)]，其次是 Mn、镍和铁。使用药芯焊丝焊接的双相不锈钢产生的焊接烟尘释放了最多的 Cr(VI)。纳米颗粒比微米级颗粒释放出明显更高量的镍。焊接烟尘中不含任何已知的铬酸盐化合物，但含有多元素高度氧化的氧化物（铁、Cr 和 Mn，可能还有铋和硅）。
