Mitike Getnet, Motbainor Achenef, Kumie Abera, Samet Jonathan, Wipfli Heather
School of Public Health, college of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA.
Ethiop J Health Dev. 2016;30(1 Spec Iss):42-49.
Ethiopia produced its Environmental Health Situational Analysis and Needs Assessment (SANA) report in 2010 as part of the global endeavor to characterize and underscore the importance of connecting health and environment. The assessment methods used in SANA 2010 were updated, replicated and used in this SABNA. with a focus on air pollution, occupational safety and health, and climate change.
The purpose of the review was to examine national policies and identify gaps in regulations and organizational arrangements that determine Ethiopia's ability to mitigate and eventually prevent the health impacts of air pollution, occupational hazards, and climate change.
The national policy and regulatory documents were reviewed. Literature was identified through electronic searches. Hard copies of past reports and policies were reviewed whenever necessary. A semi-structured guideline was used to conduct in-depth interviews aimed at identifying gaps and needs.
The Constitution of Ethiopia has policy provisions related to air pollution, occupational safety and health (OSH), and climate change and health. Proclamation No. 300/2002 on Environmental Pollution Control specifies ambient air quality standards and allowable emissions. However, there were no documents that outlined the national or regional strategies that the ministries and agencies could adopt to translate existing policies, legal provisions, or guidelines for air pollution into practical programs. In the same way, a national OSH policy was lacking at the time this review was made on how occupational safety and health should be handled nationally or at lower governing levels as required by the International Occupation Safety and Health and Working Environment Convention No. 155/1981. Ethiopia is a signatory of this Convention.
The results of the situational analysis indicate that there are cross-cutting gaps in the various sectors. Among these, addressing the critical shortage of skilled personnel is an urgent priority. Most stakeholders face acute shortages of professionals and poor retention mechanisms. It is therefore important to design interventions that focus on capacity building in, for example, aligning curricula with specific needs of ministries, andequip professionals with the necessary technical skills.In addition, the results indicate that policies and regulations exist in theory, but in practice, there are inadequate implementation strategies to encourage adherence and enforcement of the regulations and policies.
埃塞俄比亚于2010年发布了其环境卫生形势分析与需求评估（SANA）报告，作为全球致力于描述和强调健康与环境联系重要性的努力的一部分。2010年SANA中使用的评估方法在本次SABNA中得到更新、复制和应用，重点关注空气污染、职业安全与健康以及气候变化。
本次审查的目的是审视国家政策，找出法规和组织安排中的差距，这些差距决定了埃塞俄比亚减轻并最终预防空气污染、职业危害和气候变化对健康影响的能力。
对国家政策和法规文件进行了审查。通过电子搜索确定文献。必要时查阅过去报告和政策的纸质副本。使用半结构化指南进行深入访谈，旨在找出差距和需求。
埃塞俄比亚宪法有与空气污染、职业安全与健康（OSH）以及气候变化与健康相关的政策规定。关于环境污染控制的第300/2002号公告规定了环境空气质量标准和允许排放量。然而，没有文件概述各部委和机构可采用的国家或区域战略，以将现有的空气污染政策、法律规定或指南转化为实际方案。同样，在本次审查时，缺乏一项关于应如何按照《1981年国际职业安全与健康及工作环境公约》（第155号）的要求在国家或更低治理层面处理职业安全与健康问题的国家职业安全与健康政策。埃塞俄比亚是该公约的签署国。
形势分析结果表明，各部门存在交叉性差距。其中，解决技术人员严重短缺问题是当务之急。大多数利益相关者面临专业人员严重短缺和留存机制不佳的问题。因此，设计侧重于能力建设的干预措施很重要，例如使课程与各部委的具体需求保持一致，并为专业人员配备必要的技术技能。此外，结果表明政策和法规在理论上存在，但在实践中，缺乏鼓励遵守和执行法规及政策的充分实施战略。
