McCarty Alyn T
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Center for Women's Health and Health Disparities Research.
Sociol Compass. 2016 Jul;10(7):623-639. doi: 10.1111/soc4.12386. Epub 2016 Jul 4.
The child poverty rate in the United States is higher than in most similarly developed countries, making child poverty one of America's most pressing social problems. This article provides an introduction of child poverty in the US, beginning with a short description of how poverty is measured and how child poverty is patterned across social groups and geographic space. I then examine the consequences of child poverty with a focus educational outcomes and child health, and three pathways through which poverty exerts its influence: resources, culture, and stress. After a brief review of the anti-poverty policy and programmatic landscape, I argue that moving forward we must enrich the communities in which poor families live in addition to boosting incomes and directly supporting children's skill development. I conclude with emerging research questions.
美国的儿童贫困率高于大多数同等发达的国家,这使得儿童贫困成为美国最紧迫的社会问题之一。本文介绍了美国的儿童贫困问题,首先简要描述了贫困的衡量方式以及儿童贫困在不同社会群体和地理区域中的分布情况。接着,我将重点探讨儿童贫困在教育成果和儿童健康方面的后果,以及贫困产生影响的三条途径:资源、文化和压力。在简要回顾反贫困政策和项目的概况后,我认为未来我们必须在增加收入和直接支持儿童技能发展的同时,充实贫困家庭所在的社区。最后,我提出了一些新出现的研究问题。