Lis Dana M, Stellingwerff Trent, Kitic Cecilia M, Fell James W, Ahuja Kiran D K
1 Sport Performance Optimisation Research Team, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, AUSTRALIA; and 2Canadian Sports Institute-Pacific, Victoria, British Columbia, CANADA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018 Jan;50(1):116-123. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001419.
Gastrointestinal (GI) distress in endurance athletes is prevalent and detrimental to performance. Adverse GI symptomatology can be analogous with irritable bowel syndrome, where fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide, and polyols (FODMAP) reduction has demonstrated efficacy. This study investigated the effects of low FODMAP (LFOD) diet on GI distress parameters in runners with a history of nonclinical exercise-associated GI symptoms.
Eleven recreationally competitive runners (five men, six women; 5-km personal best 23:00 ± 4:02 min:s) participated in the study. Runners were allocated to a randomized 6-d LFOD or high FODMAP (HFOD) diet separated by a 1-d wash-out in a controlled, single-blinded cross-over study. In each period participants completed two strenuous running sessions consisting of 5 × 1000 m and a 7-km threshold run. GI symptoms (during-exercise and daily) and the Daily Analysis of Life Demand for Athletes questionnaires were completed. Area under the curve was calculated for daily GI symptoms across each dietary period and analysis was conducted using multilevel mixed-effects linear regression for comparison between the two diets.
A significantly smaller area under the curve for daily GI symptoms 6 d during the LFOD compared with HFOD (mean difference, -13.4; 95% confidence interval, -22 to -4.60; P = 0.003) was observed. The daily GI symptoms that were significantly lower during LFOD were flatulence (P < 0.001), urge to defecate (P = 0.04), loose stool (P = 0.03), and diarrhea (P = 0.004). No significant differences in during exercise symptoms or Daily Analysis of Life Demand for Athletes responses were observed between diets (P > 0.05).
Preliminary findings suggest that short-term FODMAP reduction may be a beneficial intervention to minimize daily GI symptoms in runners with exercise-related GI distress.
耐力运动员的胃肠道（GI）不适很常见，且会对运动表现产生不利影响。不良的胃肠道症状可能类似于肠易激综合征，减少可发酵寡糖、双糖、单糖和多元醇（FODMAP）已证明有疗效。本研究调查了低FODMAP（LFOD）饮食对有非临床运动相关胃肠道症状病史的跑步者胃肠道不适参数的影响。
11名业余竞技跑步者（5名男性，6名女性；5公里个人最佳成绩23:00±4:02分钟：秒）参与了该研究。在一项对照、单盲交叉研究中，跑步者被随机分配到为期6天的LFOD或高FODMAP（HFOD）饮食组，中间有1天的洗脱期。在每个阶段，参与者完成两次高强度跑步训练，包括5×1000米和一次7公里的阈值跑。完成胃肠道症状（运动期间和日常）以及运动员生活需求每日分析问卷。计算每个饮食阶段每日胃肠道症状的曲线下面积，并使用多水平混合效应线性回归进行分析，以比较两种饮食。
与HFOD相比，LFOD期间6天的每日胃肠道症状曲线下面积显著更小（平均差异，-13.4；95%置信区间，-22至-4.60；P = 0.003）。LFOD期间显著更低的每日胃肠道症状是肠胃胀气（P < 0.001）、排便紧迫感（P = 0.04）、稀便（P = 0.03）和腹泻（P = 0.004）。两种饮食之间在运动期间症状或运动员生活需求每日分析反应方面未观察到显著差异（P > 0.05）。
初步研究结果表明，短期减少FODMAP可能是一种有益的干预措施，可将有运动相关胃肠道不适的跑步者的每日胃肠道症状降至最低。
