Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Jan 1;610-611:1476-1486. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.255. Epub 2017 Sep 6.
Compared with on-road vehicles, emission from ships is one of the least-regulated anthropogenic emission sources and non-negligible source of primary aerosols and gas-phase precursors of PM. The Bohai Rim Region in China hosts dozens of large ports, two of which ranked among the top ten ports in the world. To determine the impact of ship emissions on the PM concentrations over this region, two parts of works have been conducted in this study. First, a detailed ship emission inventory with high spatiotemporal resolution was developed based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. Then the WRF/Chem model was applied to modeling the impact of ship emissions by comparing two scenarios: with and without ship emissions. The results indicate that the total estimated ship emissions of SO, NO, PM, PM, CO, HC, and CO from Bohai Rim Region in 2014 are 1.9×10, 2.9×10, 2.6×10, 2.4×10, 2.5×10, 1.2×10, and 1.3×10tonnes, respectively. The modeling results indicate that the annual PM concentrations increased by 5.9% on land areas of Bohai Rim Region (the continent within 115.2°E-124.3°E and 36.1°N-41.6°N) due to ship emissions. The contributions show distinctive seasonal variations of contributions, presenting highest in summer (12.5%) followed by spring (6.9%) and autumn (3.3%), and lowest in winter (0.9%). The contribution reaches up to 10.7% along the shoreline and down to 1.0% 200km inland. After examining the statistics of the modeling results during heavy and non-heavy haze days in July, it was found that 6 out of 9 cities around the Bohai Rim Region were observed with higher contributions from ship emissions during heavy haze days compared with non-heavy haze days. These results indicate that the impacts of ship emissions on the ambient PM are non-negligible, especially for heavy haze days for most coastal cities in the Bohai Rim Region.
与道路车辆相比，船舶排放是人为排放源中管制最少的排放源之一，也是初级气溶胶和气态 PM 前体物的重要来源。中国环渤海地区拥有数十个大型港口，其中两个港口跻身世界十大港口之列。为了确定船舶排放对该地区 PM 浓度的影响，本研究进行了两部分工作。首先，基于自动识别系统 (AIS) 数据，制定了具有高时空分辨率的详细船舶排放清单。然后，应用 WRF/Chem 模型通过比较有无船舶排放的两种情景来模拟船舶排放的影响。结果表明，2014 年环渤海地区船舶总排放量估算值为 SO、NO、PM、PM、CO、HC 和 CO 分别为 1.9×10、2.9×10、2.6×10、2.4×10、2.5×10、1.2×10 和 1.3×10 吨。模拟结果表明，由于船舶排放，环渤海地区陆地（115.2°E-124.3°E 和 36.1°N-41.6°N 之间的大陆地区）的年 PM 浓度增加了 5.9%。各季节的贡献值具有明显的季节变化特征，夏季（12.5%）最高，春季（6.9%）次之，秋季（3.3%）最低，冬季（0.9%）最低。沿海岸线的贡献值高达 10.7%，而 200 公里内陆地区的贡献值低至 1.0%。在检查 7 月重霾和非重霾日的模拟结果统计数据后，发现环渤海地区周边的 9 个城市中，有 6 个城市在重霾日观测到的船舶排放对环境 PM 的贡献高于非重霾日。这些结果表明，船舶排放对大气 PM 的影响不可忽视，特别是对环渤海地区大多数沿海城市的重霾日。
