Sadeghi Rokhsareh, Taleghani Ferial, Mohammadi Samira, Zohri Zahra
Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
Dentist, Private Practice, Mashhad, Khorasan, Iran.
J Clin Diagn Res. 2017 Jul;11(7):ZC14-ZC17. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/25742.10153. Epub 2017 Jul 1.
Diabetes mellitus type I is a chronic metabolic disease with an autoimmune origin. The initial manifestations mainly appear during childhood and its prevalence is on the rise in many countries. Some of the complications of diabetes mellitus are problems related to oro-dental structures and periodontal diseases.
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between diabetes mellitus type I and dental and periodontal status in Tehran, Iran.
This cross-sectional study was carried out on 50 patients with diabetes mellitus type I who were under treatment in the Diabetic Patients' Center in Tehran and 50 healthy individuals who did not have diabetes, all recruited from schools. The subjects were divided into two age groups of 6-12 and 13-18 years. In test group, HbA1c (glycosylated haemoglobin) level of the patients was collected from the medical records of Association of Diabetic Patients. To make sure that the control subjects did not suffer from diabetes mellitus, their blood glucose was measured with the Glucocard 01 blood glucose monitoring kit (GT-1920, Japan). The periodontal and dental status were assessed using dmft/DMFT (Decayed, Missing, Filled Permanent Teeth), GI (Gingival Index), PPD (Periodontal Pocket Depth), PI (Plaque Index) and CI (Calculus Index). The data obtained from each group were compared statistically using the Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal Wallis Test.
There was increase in PPD, GI and DMFT values with aging, with no significant differences between the diabetic and non-diabetic groups. PI and DMFT not only increased with aging but also were higher in both age groups in patients with diabetes compared to healthy subjects (p<0.05). GI was higher only in the 13-18 year age group in diabetic patients (p<0.01). There was no relation between the HbA1c (glycosylated haemoglobin) level, and periodontal indices (p<0.09).
It appears that patients with diabetes mellitus type I are more susceptible to periodontal diseases and tooth loss and such problems might be aggravated with aging.
I型糖尿病是一种起源于自身免疫的慢性代谢性疾病。其初始症状主要出现在儿童期，且在许多国家的患病率呈上升趋势。糖尿病的一些并发症与口腔牙齿结构和牙周疾病有关。
本研究旨在评估伊朗德黑兰I型糖尿病与牙齿及牙周状况之间的关系。
本横断面研究选取了50例在德黑兰糖尿病患者中心接受治疗的I型糖尿病患者以及50名无糖尿病的健康个体，所有研究对象均来自学校。受试者被分为6 - 12岁和13 - 18岁两个年龄组。在试验组中，从糖尿病患者协会的病历中收集患者的糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）水平。为确保对照受试者未患糖尿病，使用Glucocard 01血糖仪（GT - 1920，日本）测量其血糖。使用乳牙龋失补牙数/恒牙龋失补牙数（dmft/DMFT）、牙龈指数（GI）、牙周袋深度（PPD）、菌斑指数（PI）和牙石指数（CI）评估牙周和牙齿状况。使用曼 - 惠特尼检验和克鲁斯卡尔 - 沃利斯检验对每组获得的数据进行统计学比较。
PPD、GI和DMFT值随年龄增长而增加，糖尿病组和非糖尿病组之间无显著差异。PI和DMFT不仅随年龄增长而增加，而且糖尿病患者两个年龄组的值均高于健康受试者（p<0.05）。GI仅在糖尿病患者的13 - 18岁年龄组中较高（p<0.01）。糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）水平与牙周指数之间无相关性（p<0.09）。
I型糖尿病患者似乎更容易患牙周疾病和牙齿缺失，并且这些问题可能会随着年龄增长而加重。
