Vijayaraghavan Maya, Olsen Pamela, Weeks John, McKelvey Karma, Ponath Claudia, Kushel Margot
1 Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA.
2 Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Am J Health Promot. 2018 Feb;32(2):381-391. doi: 10.1177/0890117117729928. Epub 2017 Sep 12.
To examine attitudes toward tobacco control policies among older African American homeless-experienced smokers.
A qualitative study.
Oakland, California.
Twenty-two African American older homeless-experienced smokers who were part of a longitudinal study on health and health-related outcomes (Health Outcomes of People Experiencing Homelessness in Older Middle Age Study).
We conducted in-depth, semistructured interviews with each participant to explore beliefs and attitudes toward tobacco use and cessation, barriers to smoking cessation, and attitudes toward current tobacco control strategies including raising cigarette prices, smoke-free policies, and graphic warning labels. We used a grounded theory approach to analyze the transcripts.
Community social norms supportive of cigarette smoking and co-use of tobacco with other illicit substances were strong motivators of initiation and maintenance of tobacco use. Self-reported barriers to cessation included nicotine dependence, the experience of being homeless, fatalistic attitudes toward smoking cessation, substance use, and exposure to tobacco industry marketing. While participants were cognizant of current tobacco control policies and interventions for cessation, they felt that they were not specific enough for African Americans experiencing homelessness. Participants expressed strong support for strategies that de-normalized tobacco use and advertised the harmful effects of tobacco.
Older African American homeless-experienced smokers face significant barriers to smoking cessation. Interventions that advertise the harmful effects of tobacco may be effective in stimulating smoking cessation among this population.
研究有过无家可归经历的非裔美国老年吸烟者对烟草控制政策的态度。
一项定性研究。
加利福尼亚州奥克兰。
22名有过无家可归经历的非裔美国老年吸烟者，他们是一项关于健康及健康相关结局的纵向研究（老年中年无家可归者健康结局研究）的一部分。
我们对每位参与者进行了深入的半结构化访谈，以探讨对烟草使用与戒烟的信念和态度、戒烟障碍以及对当前烟草控制策略（包括提高香烟价格、无烟政策和图形警示标签）的态度。我们采用扎根理论方法分析访谈记录。
支持吸烟以及将烟草与其他非法物质同时使用的社区社会规范是开始和持续使用烟草的强大推动力。自我报告的戒烟障碍包括尼古丁依赖、无家可归的经历、对戒烟的宿命论态度、物质使用以及接触烟草行业营销。虽然参与者了解当前的烟草控制政策和戒烟干预措施，但他们认为这些措施对有过无家可归经历的非裔美国人来说不够具体。参与者对使烟草使用失去常态并宣传烟草有害影响的策略表示强烈支持。
有过无家可归经历的非裔美国老年吸烟者面临重大的戒烟障碍。宣传烟草有害影响的干预措施可能对促使该人群戒烟有效。
