Wolfe Michael B, Williams Todd J
Psychology Department, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, USA.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2018 Sep;71(9):1898-1910. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2017.1363792. Epub 2018 Jan 1.
When people change beliefs as a result of reading a text, are they aware of these changes? This question was examined for beliefs about spanking as an effective means of discipline. In two experiments, subjects reported beliefs about spanking effectiveness during a prescreening session. In a subsequent experimental session, subjects read a one-sided text that advocated a belief consistent or inconsistent position on the topic. After reading, subjects reported their current beliefs and attempted to recollect their initial beliefs. Subjects reading a belief inconsistent text were more likely to change their beliefs than those who read a belief consistent text. Recollections of initial beliefs tended to be biased in the direction of subjects' current beliefs. In addition, the relationship between the belief consistency of the text read and accuracy of belief recollections was mediated by belief change. This belief memory bias was independent of on-line text processing and comprehension measures, and indicates poor metacognitive awareness of belief change.
当人们因阅读一篇文章而改变信念时，他们是否意识到了这些变化？针对将打屁股作为一种有效的管教手段的信念，对这个问题进行了研究。在两项实验中，受试者在预筛选环节报告了关于打屁股有效性的信念。在随后的实验环节中，受试者阅读了一篇片面的文章，该文章主张在这个话题上与他们的信念一致或不一致的立场。阅读后，受试者报告了他们当前的信念，并试图回忆他们最初的信念。阅读与信念不一致文章的受试者比阅读与信念一致文章的受试者更有可能改变他们的信念。对最初信念的回忆往往偏向于受试者当前信念的方向。此外，所阅读文章的信念一致性与信念回忆准确性之间的关系是由信念改变介导的。这种信念记忆偏差与在线文本处理和理解测量无关，并且表明对信念改变的元认知意识较差。
