Diagne J-P, Sow A S, Ka A M, Wane A M, Ndoye Roth P A, Ba E A, De Medeiros M E, Ndiaye J M, Diallo H M, Kane H, Sow S, Nguer M, Sy E M, Ndiaye P A
Hôpital Abass Ndao, HAMO 4N/S 108, BP 48220, Dakar, Sénégal.
Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal.
J Fr Ophtalmol. 2017 Oct;40(8):676-680. doi: 10.1016/j.jfo.2017.04.008.
The purpose was to record the causes of leukocoria among children under 10years of age and to determine the proportion of rare causes of leukocoria.
This retrospective study was conducted over a period of ten years, from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2013, in patients under 10years of age who were referred for leukocoria.
Leukocoria represented one of the ten reasons for consultation among children under 10years of age. The mean age of our patients was 42.5months. In 76 % of cases, the leukocoria patients were children under 6years of age. Male patients were affected more commonly, with a sex-ratio of 1.5. Patients coming from Dakar and its suburbs represented two thirds of the total. Bilateral involvement represented 53.7 % of the total. Cataracts were responsible for 74.3 % of cases, retinoblastoma 20.58 %, retinal detachment 0.96 %, retinopathy of prematurity 0.96 %, pupillary membrane persistence 0.96 %, persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous 0.64 %, endophthalmitis 0.64 %, optic nerve coloboma 0.32 %, iris heterochromia 0.32 % and ametropia 0.32 %.
The total percentage of rare causes was 5.12 % in our study, including one case of hyperopia. These etiologies, although rare, do exist.
Rare causes of leukocoria require special attention. The discovery of leukocoria necessitates rigorous etiological work-up. Ametropia must be a diagnosis of exclusion.
记录10岁以下儿童白瞳症的病因，并确定白瞳症罕见病因的比例。
这项回顾性研究在2004年1月1日至2013年12月31日的十年间进行，研究对象为因白瞳症前来就诊的10岁以下患者。
白瞳症是10岁以下儿童就诊的十大原因之一。我们的患者平均年龄为42.5个月。在76%的病例中，白瞳症患者为6岁以下儿童。男性患者更易患病，性别比为1.5。来自达喀尔及其郊区的患者占总数的三分之二。双侧受累占总数的53.7%。白内障占病例的74.3%，视网膜母细胞瘤占20.58%，视网膜脱离占0.96%，早产儿视网膜病变占0.96%，瞳孔膜残留占0.96%，永存原始玻璃体增生症占0.64%，眼内炎占0.64%，视神经缺损占0.32%，虹膜异色症占0.32%，屈光不正占0.32%。
在我们的研究中，罕见病因的总比例为5.12%，其中包括1例远视。这些病因虽然罕见，但确实存在。
白瞳症的罕见病因需要特别关注。发现白瞳症需要进行严格的病因检查。屈光不正必须作为排除性诊断。
