SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Int J Parasitol. 2017 Oct;47(12):737-751. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.08.003. Epub 2017 Sep 9.
Bovine besnoitiosis, which is caused by the tissue cyst-forming intracellular parasite Besnoitia besnoiti, is a chronic and debilitating disease that is responsible for severe economic losses in the cattle raised under extensive husbandry systems. The absence of vaccines, treatments or a health scheme at local, national and international levels has led to a rapid spread of bovine besnoitiosis from western Europe towards eastern countries and northwards. Moreover, this parasitic disease is widely present in many sub-Saharan countries. Thus, bovine besnoitiosis should be included in the animal health scheme of beef cattle herds. Accurate diagnostic tools and common diagnostic procedures are mandatory in any control programme. Relevant advances have been made in this field during the last decade. Succeeding with accurate diagnosis relies on the technique employed and the antibody and parasite kinetics of the infection stage, which may notably influence control programmes and surveillance. Moreover, control programmes should be adapted to the epidemiological status of the disease, as the disease presentation in a herd has important implications for prospective control. Herein, we review the clinical disease presentation of bovine besnoitiosis and the correlation between its clinical course and laboratory parameters. We also provide an update on the available diagnostic tools, discuss their strengths and pitfalls, and provide guidelines for their use in control, surveillance and epidemiological studies. A rational control strategy is also recommended.
牛贝氏巴贝斯虫病由组织囊形成的细胞内寄生虫贝氏巴贝斯虫引起，是一种慢性和虚弱性疾病，在广泛的畜牧业系统中饲养的牛中造成严重的经济损失。由于地方、国家和国际各级缺乏疫苗、治疗方法或卫生计划，牛贝氏巴贝斯虫病已从西欧迅速传播到东欧和北方。此外，这种寄生虫病广泛存在于许多撒哈拉以南非洲国家。因此，牛贝氏巴贝斯虫病应列入肉牛群的动物健康计划。任何控制计划都必须采用准确的诊断工具和常见的诊断程序。在过去十年中，该领域取得了相关进展。成功的准确诊断依赖于所采用的技术以及感染阶段的抗体和寄生虫动力学，这可能显著影响控制计划和监测。此外，控制计划应适应疾病的流行病学状况，因为牛群中的疾病表现对未来的控制具有重要意义。在此，我们回顾了牛贝氏巴贝斯虫病的临床疾病表现及其与临床病程和实验室参数之间的相关性。我们还提供了有关现有诊断工具的最新信息，讨论了它们的优缺点，并为其在控制、监测和流行病学研究中的使用提供了指南。还建议采取合理的控制策略。
