Ming Xing-Jia, Li Bo-Ran, Zhao Ji-Feng, Zhang Zhi-Wei, Yuan Liang-Chen, Wang Gang, Luo Yi-Bo
Chongqing Academy of Cinsese Materia Medica, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource, Chongqing 400065, China.
Chongqing Sub-center of National Resource, Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing 400065, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2016 May;41(10):1956-1964. doi: 10.4268/cjcmm20161033.
To clear from botanical view the original materials under the traditional Chinese medicine names of "Jinchai", "Jinchai Shihu" within the genus Dendrobium of the family Orchidaceae. Combined of different methods including study of historical records from the local chronicles and historical accounts of past event in Hubei, Sichuan, Chongqing, Henan and Shaanxi provinces, interviewing face to face with the old traditional Chinese workers and folk doctors in 20 downtowns and countrysides, such as, Laohekou, Lichuan, Fangxian, Xixia, Neixiang, and Ankang, and collecting a few plants of "Jinchai" for taxonomic identification. The traditional Chinese medicine names of "Jinchai", "Jinchai Shihu" were widely used by the local people from the eastern Chongqing, western Hubei, northeasten Sichuan, southeastern Shaanxi, western Henan. Those two names were frequently found in the local Chronicles and historical accounts of past event, even in the local daily life such as folk songs and stories. The botanical identification results showed that a endemic species of D. flexicaule is the original materials of the traditional Chinese medicine names "Jinchai" and "Jinchai Shihu", and this species are also called "Longtoujin", "Renzijin", "Huanzijin" and "Longtoufengweijin" by the local people. The dried artifactitious specimens of D. flexicaule are traditionally named as "Jinerhuan". The botanic resource plants of the traditional Chinese medicine names of "Jinchai", "Jinchai Shihu" are the endemic species of D. flexicaule that is distributed mainly in central areas of China including eastern Chongqing, western Hubei, northeasten Sichuan, southeastern Shaanxi, and western Henan, rather than D. nobile as referring in both Chinese and English version of Flora of China, and in official recorded serious versions of The Chinese Pharmacopoeia since 1977. In order to avoid confusion in the traditional Chinese medicine dendrobiums industry, the Chinese name of D. nobile is suggested as "Biancao Shihu", which characterized one stem feature of this species, and the traditional Chinese medicine names "Jinchai" or "JinchaiShihu" is suggested to refer to the species D. flexicaule.
从植物学角度厘清兰科石斛属中以“金钗”“金钗石斛”为中药名的原植物。综合运用多种方法，包括研究湖北、四川、重庆、河南和陕西等地的地方志及历史记载，与老河口、利川、房县、淅川、内乡、安康等20个城乡的老药工和民间医生进行面对面访谈，并采集数株“金钗”进行分类鉴定。“金钗”“金钗石斛”这两个中药名在重庆东部、湖北西部、四川东北部、陕西东南部、河南西部的当地人中广泛使用。这两个名称在当地地方志和历史记载中屡见不鲜，甚至在民歌、故事等当地日常生活中也经常出现。植物鉴定结果表明，金钗石斛这一中国特有种是中药名“金钗”“金钗石斛”的原植物，该种在当地还被称为“龙头金”“人字金”“环子金”“龙头凤尾金”。金钗石斛的干燥加工标本传统上被称为“金耳环”。中药名“金钗”“金钗石斛”的植物资源原植物是主要分布于中国中部地区（包括重庆东部、湖北西部、四川东北部、陕西东南部、河南西部）的中国特有种金钗石斛，而非《中国植物志》中英文版以及1977年以来《中国药典》官方记载的正经版本中所指的铁皮石斛。为避免中药石斛行业的混淆，建议将铁皮石斛的中文名定为“扁草石斛”，以体现该种的单茎特征，而中药名“金钗”或“金钗石斛”建议指代金钗石斛这一物种。
