Ammar Achraf, Riemann Bryan L, Masmoudi Liwa, Blaumann Marcel, Abdelkarim Osama, Hökelmann Anita
a Research Unit: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, UR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax , Sfax University , Sfax , Tunisia.
b Institute of Sport Science , Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany.
J Sports Sci. 2018 Jun;36(12):1319-1330. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1376521. Epub 2017 Sep 12.
The aim of the present study was to investigate loading effects on kinematic and kinetic variables among elite-weightlifters in order to identify an optimal training load to maximize power production for clean-movement. Nine elite-weightlifter (age: 24 ± 4years, body-mass: 77 ± 6.5kg, height: 176 ± 6.1cm and 1RM clean: 170 ± 5kg) performed 2 separate repetitions of the clean using 85, 90, 95% and 100%, in a randomized order, while standing on a force platform and being recorded using 3D-capture-system. Differences in kinematics (barbell displacement, velocity and acceleration) and kinetics (power, vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), rate of force development (RFD), and work) across the loads were statistically assessed. Results revealed significant load effects for the majority of the studied parameters (p < 0.01) and showed that typical bar-displacement, greatest bar-velocity and peak-power were achieved at 85 and 90% 1RM (p < 0.001). Additionally greater average power was shown for 90 and 95% (p < 0.01) and greater work and vGRF were shown for 90, 95 and 100% than 85% 1RM (p < 0.05). Load had no significant effect on peak-vGRF and peak-RFD (p > 0.05). The results of this study, suggest 90% 1RM to be the most advantageous load to train explosive-force and to enhance power-outputs while maintaining technical efficiency in elite-weightlifters.
本研究的目的是调查负荷对精英举重运动员运动学和动力学变量的影响，以便确定最佳训练负荷，使挺举动作的功率输出最大化。九名精英举重运动员（年龄：24±4岁，体重：77±6.5千克，身高：176±6.1厘米，挺举一次最大重量：170±5千克）以随机顺序分别使用85%、90%、95%和100%的重量进行两次挺举，同时站在测力台上，并通过三维捕捉系统进行记录。对不同负荷下的运动学（杠铃位移、速度和加速度）和动力学（功率、垂直地面反作用力、力发展速率和功）差异进行了统计学评估。结果显示，大多数研究参数存在显著的负荷效应（p<0.01），并表明在85%和90%的一次最大重量时，可实现典型的杠铃位移、最大杠铃速度和峰值功率（p<0.001）。此外，90%和95%重量的平均功率更高（p<0.01），90%、95%和100%重量的功和垂直地面反作用力比85%一次最大重量时更高（p<0.05）。负荷对峰值垂直地面反作用力和峰值力发展速率没有显著影响（p>0.05）。本研究结果表明，90%的一次最大重量是训练爆发力和提高精英举重运动员功率输出同时保持技术效率的最有利负荷。
