Wadas Wanda, Królak Elżbieta, Karwowska Jadwiga
Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Natural Science, Department of Vegetable Crops, Siedlce, Poland
Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Natural Science, Department of Environmental Studies and Biological Education, Siedlce, Poland
Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2017;68(3):297-302.
Potatoes are an important component of the human diet. In addition to components which determine the nutrition and dietary values, potato tubers also contain anti-nutritional substances, inter alia radioactive elements. Natural and artifical radionuclides are released to the environment as a result of antropogenic activity, in a controlled or uncontrolled manner, and they are transferred to the human body through the food chain.
The aim of the study was to determine the activity of radioactive cesium 137Cs isotope and potassium content, including the activity of 40K isotope, in new potatoes imported to Poland during the winter period from Mediterranean countries.
The study material included new potatoes imported from Cyprus, Egypt and Israel, purchased in the city of Siedlce from the beginning of February to the end of March 2015. The activity of 137Cs and 40K isotopes in potato tubers was determined. Analyses were performed by γ-spectrometric method. Laboratory tests were performed on a total of 18 samples. Based on the activity of 40K isotope, the total potassium content of potato tubers was calculated, with the assumption that 31.00 Bq 40K is equivalent to 1 g potassium.
The activity of 137Cs in most tested potato samples was below 0.2 Bq kg-1 (limit of quantification), and in other samles it was from 0.3 Bq kg-1 to 5.4 Bq kg-1. Potatoes of the same variety, originating from the same country, differed in terms of the activity of 137Cs. The highest activity of 137C, determined in potatoes imported from Cyprus, was seven times higher than the lowest value. The activity of 40K changed from 93.3 Bq kg-1 to 259.1 Bq kg-1. The average activity of 40K in potatoes imported from Cyprus, Egypt and Israel was at a similar level. The ratio of the activity of 137Cs determined in the tested potatoes to the activity of 40K changed from 0.00242 to 0.04163. The calculated potassium content in imported new potatoes was on average 4.376 g K kg-1 of the fresh weight of tubers and ranged from 3.010 g K kg-1 to 8.358 g K kg-1.
The activity of the 137Cs cesium isotope in imported new potatoes in most tested samples was at a very low level (below the limit of quantification) and in other samples it did not exceed 5.5 Bq kg-1 and posed no threat to human lives. Potatoes originating from the same country differed in terms of the activity of 137Cs. The average activity of 40K in potatoes imported from Cyprus, Egypt and Israel was at a similar level and did not differ from the activity of 40K in domestically produced potatoes. The potassium content in imported new potatoes was determined by the variety.
土豆是人类饮食的重要组成部分。除了决定营养和饮食价值的成分外，马铃薯块茎还含有抗营养物质，尤其是放射性元素。由于人为活动，天然和人工放射性核素以受控或不受控的方式释放到环境中，并通过食物链转移到人体。
本研究的目的是测定冬季从地中海国家进口到波兰的新土豆中放射性铯137Cs同位素的活度和钾含量，包括40K同位素的活度。
研究材料包括2015年2月上旬至3月底在谢德尔采市购买的从塞浦路斯、埃及和以色列进口的新土豆。测定了马铃薯块茎中137Cs和40K同位素的活度。采用γ能谱法进行分析。共对18个样品进行了实验室检测。基于40K同位素的活度，计算了马铃薯块茎的总钾含量，假设31.00 Bq 40K相当于1 g钾。
在大多数测试的土豆样品中，137Cs的活度低于0.2 Bq kg-1（定量限），在其他样品中为0.3 Bq kg-1至5.4 Bq kg-1。来自同一国家的同一品种土豆，其137Cs活度存在差异。从塞浦路斯进口的土豆中测定的137C最高活度比最低值高7倍。40K的活度从93.3 Bq kg-1变化到259.1 Bq kg-1。从塞浦路斯、埃及和以色列进口的土豆中40K的平均活度处于相似水平。测试土豆中测定的137Cs活度与40K活度之比从0.00242变化到0.04163。进口新土豆中计算出的钾含量平均为4.376 g K kg-1块茎鲜重，范围为3.010 g K kg-1至8.358 g K kg-1。
在大多数测试样品中，进口新土豆中137Cs铯同位素的活度处于非常低的水平（低于定量限），在其他样品中不超过5.5 Bq kg-1，对人类生命不构成威胁。来自同一国家的土豆在137Cs活度方面存在差异。从塞浦路斯、埃及和以色列进口的土豆中40K的平均活度处于相似水平，与国产土豆中40K的活度没有差异。进口新土豆中的钾含量由品种决定。
