Mosquito spiroplasmas from France and their ecology.

Spiroplasmas have been isolated previously from a number of blood-sucking arthropods, including ticks, horseflies, and deerflies. More recently, spiroplasmas were isolated from mosquitoes from the USA, France, and Taiwan. Spiroplasmas isolated from mosquitoes from France belong to at least three serogroups and are serologically different from one of the Taiwan isolates, Sp2. Our Ar 1343 strain is the prototype of a new serogroup (XIII). During 3 consecutive years (1983-85), the ecology of these spiroplasmas was studied in different biotopes near, and in, the Isère River Valley in Savoia, France. A total of 23 strains was isolated from four species or groups of mosquitoes (Aedes sticticus/vexans, Ae. cantans/annulipes, Ae. cinereus/geminus and Coquillettidia richiardii). Spiroplasmas were isolated only from female mosquitoes and only during June and July. An as yet unidentified virus was also isolated from three mosquito pools, one of which yielded spiroplasmas. Spiroplasma viruses were not detected. Antibody to our Ar 1357 isolate was found in 4 of 20 sera from cows living in the areas studied, but not in sera from wild rodents or in sera from rabbit or pigeon sentinels. Finally, preliminary results are presented on the effects of experimental infection of Ae. aegypti with the Ar 1357 isolated (serogroup XXII).