Takeda Kazuya, Nakamura Akira
Division of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan.
J Biochem. 2017 Aug 1;162(2):73-80. doi: 10.1093/jb/mvx036.
Leukocyte Ig-like receptors (LILRs)/Ig-like transcripts (ILTs) are expressed on innate and adaptive immune cells and maintain immune homeostasis. LILRs consist of activating and inhibitory-type receptors that regulate adequate cellular functions. LILRs were firstly identified as MHC class I receptors, therefore expression and/or polymorphisms of LILRs are reported to associate with autoimmune disorders and transplant rejection; however, recent accumulating evidences have revealed that LILRs recognize with diverse ligands including bacteria and virus. In addition, inhibitory LILRB2 (ILT4) and murine relative paired Ig-like receptor (PIR)-B are expressed on neuron and is involved in the dysregulation of central nervous system via interaction with neuronal ligands including amyloid β-protein. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries on the functions of inhibitory MHC class I receptors, and discuss their regulatory roles in immune responses and neural functions.
白细胞免疫球蛋白样受体（LILRs）/免疫球蛋白样转录物（ILTs）表达于先天性和适应性免疫细胞上，并维持免疫稳态。LILRs由激活型和抑制型受体组成，可调节适当的细胞功能。LILRs最初被鉴定为MHC I类受体，因此据报道LILRs的表达和/或多态性与自身免疫性疾病和移植排斥反应有关；然而，最近越来越多的证据表明，LILRs可识别包括细菌和病毒在内的多种配体。此外，抑制性LILRB2（ILT4）和小鼠相对应的配对免疫球蛋白样受体（PIR）-B在神经元上表达，并通过与包括淀粉样β蛋白在内的神经元配体相互作用参与中枢神经系统的失调。在这篇综述中，我们总结了抑制性MHC I类受体功能的最新发现，并讨论了它们在免疫反应和神经功能中的调节作用。
