Nielsen Jesper Bo, Leppin Anja, Gyrd-Hansen Dort E, Jarbøl Dorte Ejg, Søndergaard Jens, Larsen Pia Veldt
Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B.Winsløwvej 9, DK-5000, Odense, Denmark.
Unit for Health Promotion Research, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Niels Bohrs Vej 9, DK-6700, Esbjerg, Denmark.
BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2017 Sep 12;17(1):245. doi: 10.1186/s12872-017-0677-0.
Elimination of modifiable risk factors including unhealthy lifestyle has the potential for prevention of 80% of cardiovascular disease cases. The present study focuses on disclosing barriers for maintaining specific lifestyle changes by exploring associations between perceiving these barriers and various sociodemographic and health-related characteristics.
Data were collected through a web-based questionnaire survey and included 962 respondents who initially accepted treatment for a hypothetical cardiovascular risk, and who subsequently stated that they preferred lifestyle changes to medication. Logistic regression was used to analyse associations between barriers to lifestyle changes and relevant covariates.
A total of 45% of respondents were identified with at least one barrier to introducing 30 min extra exercise daily, 30% of respondents reported at least one barrier to dietary change, and among smokers at least one barrier to smoking cessation was reported by 62% of the respondents. The perception of specific barriers to lifestyle change depended on sociodemographic and health-related characteristics.
We observed a considerable heterogeneity between different social groups in the population regarding a number of barriers to lifestyle change. Our study demonstrates that social inequality exists in the ability to take appropriate preventive measures through lifestyle changes to stay healthy. This finding underlines the challenge of social inequality even in populations with equal and cost-free access to health care. Our study suggests supplementing traditional public campaigns to counter cardiovascular disease by using individualized and targeted initiatives.
消除包括不健康生活方式在内的可改变风险因素，有可能预防80%的心血管疾病病例。本研究旨在通过探索感知这些障碍与各种社会人口学和健康相关特征之间的关联，揭示维持特定生活方式改变的障碍。
通过基于网络的问卷调查收集数据，包括962名最初因假设的心血管风险接受治疗，随后表示更喜欢通过生活方式改变而非药物治疗的受访者。采用逻辑回归分析生活方式改变的障碍与相关协变量之间的关联。
共有45%的受访者被确定存在至少一项阻碍每日额外进行30分钟运动的障碍，30%的受访者报告至少存在一项阻碍饮食改变的障碍，在吸烟者中，62%的受访者报告至少存在一项阻碍戒烟的障碍。对生活方式改变的特定障碍的感知取决于社会人口学和健康相关特征。
我们观察到人群中不同社会群体在生活方式改变的诸多障碍方面存在相当大的异质性。我们的研究表明，通过生活方式改变采取适当预防措施以保持健康的能力存在社会不平等。这一发现凸显了即使在享有平等且免费医疗保健的人群中社会不平等的挑战。我们的研究建议通过采用个性化和有针对性的举措来补充传统的预防心血管疾病的公共宣传活动。
