Mailey Emily L, Huberty Jennifer, Dinkel Danae, McAuley Edward
Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, 1A Natatorium, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA.
BMC Public Health. 2014 Jun 27;14:657. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-657.
The transition to parenthood is consistently associated with declines in physical activity. In particular, working parents are at risk for inactivity, but research exploring physical activity barriers and facilitators in this population has been scarce. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively examine perceptions of physical activity among working parents.
Working mothers (n = 13) and fathers (n = 12) were recruited to participate in one of four focus group sessions and discuss physical activity barriers and facilitators. Data were analyzed using immersion/crystallization in NVivo 10.
Major themes for barriers included family responsibilities, guilt, lack of support, scheduling constraints, and work. Major themes for facilitators included being active with children or during children's activities, being a role model for children, making time/prioritizing, benefits to health and family, and having support available. Several gender differences emerged within each theme, but overall both mothers and fathers reported their priorities had shifted to focus on family after becoming parents, and those who were fitting in physical activity had developed strategies that allowed them to balance their household and occupational responsibilities.
The results of this study suggest working mothers and fathers report similar physical activity barriers and facilitators and would benefit from interventions that teach strategies for overcoming barriers and prioritizing physical activity amidst the demands of parenthood. Future interventions might consider targeting mothers and fathers in tandem to create an optimally supportive environment in the home.
为人父母的角色转变一直与身体活动的减少有关。特别是，职业父母面临缺乏身体活动的风险，但针对这一人群身体活动障碍和促进因素的研究却很匮乏。本研究的目的是定性考察职业父母对身体活动的看法。
招募了13名职业母亲和12名职业父亲参与四个焦点小组讨论中的一组，讨论身体活动的障碍和促进因素。使用NVivo 10中的沉浸/结晶法对数据进行分析。
障碍的主要主题包括家庭责任、内疚感、缺乏支持、时间安排限制和工作。促进因素的主要主题包括与孩子一起活动或在孩子活动期间活动、成为孩子的榜样、腾出时间/确定优先事项、对健康和家庭的益处以及获得支持。每个主题中都出现了一些性别差异，但总体而言，母亲和父亲都表示，成为父母后他们的优先事项已转向关注家庭，而那些能够进行身体活动的人已经制定了策略，使他们能够平衡家庭和工作职责。
本研究结果表明，职业母亲和父亲报告的身体活动障碍和促进因素相似，他们将从干预措施中受益，这些干预措施教授在为人父母的需求中克服障碍和优先进行身体活动的策略。未来的干预措施可能会考虑同时针对母亲和父亲，以在家中营造一个最佳的支持环境。
