University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Netherlands.
University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Rehabilitation, The Netherlands.
J Sci Med Sport. 2018 Mar;21(3):296-306. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.07.015. Epub 2017 Jul 20.
To examine the characteristics of physical activity (PA) interventions and the effects on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in healthy children based on treatment theory.
Systematic review.
PubMed and Embase were searched for studies published between 2003 and 2016. Inclusion criteria were: Participants: healthy children aged 6-12.
interventions with activities to increase PA behaviour or physical fitness (PF) regardless of setting.
no or alternative intervention.
exercise-based CRF measure with appropriate analysis of CRF effects.
randomized controlled trial. Effect size was calculated using d and the methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the PEDro scale.
Of 1002 studies screened, 23 met the inclusion criteria. Thirteen of the 23 studies found statistically significant improvements in CRF and eight studies showed medium to high effect sizes. Interventions with medium to high effect sizes focused more often on PF than PA behaviour, had slightly higher frequencies of activities and had a shorter duration than the less effective interventions.
The fact that thirteen studies demonstrated statistically significant improvements in CRF is promising but also emphasizes the need to keep improving research methods and the development and execution of interventions. Interventions with larger effect sizes appear to be more controlled, as they usually relied on smaller sample sizes and the components of these interventions encompassed protocolled training sessions which defined and monitored the relative training intensity intended. A duration of at least six weeks and a frequency of three to four times a week is recommended.
根据治疗理论，研究针对健康儿童的体力活动（PA）干预措施的特点及其对心肺功能适应性（CRF）的影响。
系统评价。
在 2003 年至 2016 年期间，检索了 PubMed 和 Embase 中的研究。纳入标准为：参与者：年龄为 6-12 岁的健康儿童。
无论设置如何，以增加 PA 行为或身体适应性（PF）为目的的干预措施。
无干预或替代干预。
以运动为基础的 CRF 测量，对 CRF 效果进行适当分析。
随机对照试验。使用 d 计算效应大小，并使用 PEDro 量表评估研究的方法学质量。
在筛选出的 1002 篇研究中，有 23 篇符合纳入标准。在这 23 项研究中，有 13 项研究发现 CRF 有统计学上的显著改善，8 项研究显示出中等到较高的效应大小。具有中等到较高效应大小的干预措施更侧重于 PF 而不是 PA 行为，活动频率略高，持续时间比效果较差的干预措施短。
有 13 项研究表明 CRF 有统计学上的显著改善，这是令人鼓舞的，但也强调需要不断改进研究方法以及干预措施的开发和执行。效应大小较大的干预措施似乎更受控制，因为它们通常依赖于较小的样本量，并且这些干预措施的组成部分包括协议化的训练课程，这些课程定义和监测了预期的相对训练强度。建议至少进行 6 周的干预，每周进行 3-4 次。
