Toral-Granda M Verónica, Causton Charlotte E, Jäger Heinke, Trueman Mandy, Izurieta Juan Carlos, Araujo Eddy, Cruz Marilyn, Zander Kerstin K, Izurieta Arturo, Garnett Stephen T
Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia.
Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Galápagos Islands, Ecuador.
PLoS One. 2017 Sep 13;12(9):e0184379. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184379. eCollection 2017.
Alien species, one of the biggest threats to natural ecosystems worldwide, are of particular concern for oceanic archipelagos such as Galápagos. To enable more effective management of alien species, we reviewed, collated and analysed all available records of alien species for Galápagos. We also assembled a comprehensive dataset on pathways to and among the Galápagos Islands, including tourist and resident numbers, tourist vessels, their itineraries and visitation sites, aircraft capacity and occupancy, air and sea cargo and biosecurity interceptions. So far, 1,579 alien terrestrial and marine species have been introduced to Galápagos by humans. Of these, 1,476 have become established. Almost half of these were intentional introductions, mostly of plants. Most unintentional introductions arrived on plants and plant associated material, followed by transport vehicles, and commodities (in particular fruit and vegetables). The number, frequency and geographic origin of pathways for the arrival and dispersal of alien species to and within Galápagos have increased over time, tracking closely the increase in human population (residents and tourists) on the islands. Intentional introductions of alien species should decline as biosecurity is strengthened but there is a danger that unintentional introductions will increase further as tourism on Galápagos expands. This unique world heritage site will only retain its biodiversity values if the pathways for invasion are managed effectively.
外来物种是全球自然生态系统面临的最大威胁之一，对于加拉帕戈斯这样的海洋群岛来说尤其令人担忧。为了更有效地管理外来物种，我们查阅、整理并分析了加拉帕戈斯外来物种的所有现有记录。我们还收集了一个关于进入加拉帕戈斯群岛及在各岛屿间传播途径的综合数据集，包括游客和居民数量、旅游船只、其行程和访问地点、飞机运力和载客量、空运和海运货物以及生物安全拦截情况。到目前为止，已有1579种外来陆地和海洋物种被人类引入加拉帕戈斯。其中，1476种已在当地定殖。这些物种中几乎一半是有意引入的，主要是植物。大多数无意引入的物种是通过植物及与植物相关的材料、运输车辆和商品（特别是水果和蔬菜）进入的。随着时间的推移，外来物种进入和扩散到加拉帕戈斯及其内部的途径数量、频率和地理来源都有所增加，这与岛上人类人口（居民和游客）的增加密切相关。随着生物安全措施的加强，有意引入外来物种的情况应会减少，但随着加拉帕戈斯旅游业的扩张，无意引入的情况可能会进一步增加。只有有效管理入侵途径，这个独特的世界遗产地才能保留其生物多样性价值。
