Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
Small. 2017 Nov;13(42). doi: 10.1002/smll.201702240. Epub 2017 Sep 13.
Cellulose is the most abundant natural polymer on earth, providing a sustainable green resource that is renewable, degradable, biocompatible, and cost effective. Recently, nanocellulose-based mesoporous structures, flexible thin films, fibers, and networks are increasingly developed and used in photovoltaic devices, energy storage systems, mechanical energy harvesters, and catalysts components, showing tremendous materials science value and application potential in many energy-related fields. In this Review, the most recent advancements of processing, integration, and application of cellulose nanomaterials in the areas of solar energy harvesting, energy storage, and mechanical energy harvesting are reviewed. For solar energy harvesting, promising applications of cellulose-based nanostructures for both solar cells and photoelectrochemical electrodes development are reviewed, and their morphology-related merits are discussed. For energy storage, the discussion is primarily focused on the applications of cellulose-based nanomaterials in lithium-ion batteries, including electrodes (e.g., active materials, binders, and structural support), electrolytes, and separators. Applications of cellulose nanomaterials in supercapacitors are also reviewed briefly. For mechanical energy harvesting, the most recent technology evolution in cellulose-based triboelectric nanogenerators is reviewed, from fundamental property tuning to practical implementations. At last, the future research potential and opportunities of cellulose nanomaterials as a new energy material are discussed.
纤维素是地球上最丰富的天然聚合物，提供了一种可持续的绿色资源，具有可再生、可降解、生物相容性和成本效益高的特点。最近，基于纳米纤维素的中孔结构、柔性薄膜、纤维和网络越来越多地被开发和应用于光伏器件、储能系统、机械能收集器和催化剂组件，在许多与能源相关的领域展示出巨大的材料科学价值和应用潜力。在这篇综述中，我们回顾了纤维素纳米材料在太阳能收集、能量存储和机械能收集领域的加工、集成和应用的最新进展。在太阳能收集方面，我们综述了纤维素基纳米结构在太阳能电池和光电化学电极开发方面的有前途的应用，并讨论了它们与形态相关的优点。在能量存储方面，主要集中讨论了纤维素基纳米材料在锂离子电池中的应用，包括电极（如活性材料、粘结剂和结构支撑）、电解质和分离器。我们还简要回顾了纤维素纳米材料在超级电容器中的应用。在机械能收集方面，我们综述了纤维素基摩擦纳米发电机的最新技术发展，从基本性能调谐到实际应用。最后，我们讨论了纤维素纳米材料作为一种新型能源材料的未来研究潜力和机遇。
