Zargham-Boroujeni Ali, Elsagh Azamolmolouk, Mohammadizadeh Majid
Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Alborz University of Medical Science, Alborz, Iran.
Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2017 Jul-Aug;22(4):308-312. doi: 10.4103/ijnmr.IJNMR_119_13.
Untreated procedural pain leads to long-term and short-term complications in neonates. Preventing pain in sick infants and neonates, whose conditions are getting worse, not only is a professional and legal duty but also a prevention measure to decrease future psychological and even neurological complications. Therefore, nurses should prevent newborns' pain. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of massage and breastfeeding on the pain of the neonates.
This was a clinical trial conducted among 75 full-term and near-term infants who underwent venipuncture. The newborns were randomly allocated to the following groups ( = 25 for each): group 1, breastfeeding; group 2, massage; and group 3, control. In the first group, venipuncture was done 2 minutes after breastfeeding. In the second group, massage was done with effleurage technique for 3 minutes and venipuncture was done 2 minutes after massage. The Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) was used for pain measurement in the first 30 seconds of venipuncture. Data were analyzed by -test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
The lowest mean pain score recorded in the massage group (0.92) whereas it was 4.84 in the breastfeeding group and 6.16 in the control group. ANOVA test and post-hoc statistics revealed that both interventions resulted in a significant reduction of the pain scores.
According to the findings of this study, the lowest pain score was in massage group, then in breastfeeding group and control group accordingly. Considering the fact that massage and breastfeeding are natural, useful, and cost free interventions and do not need any special facility, these methods are suggested in pain management and pain control during painful procedures administrated for infants.
未治疗的操作疼痛会导致新生儿出现短期和长期并发症。预防病情日益加重的患病婴儿和新生儿的疼痛，不仅是一项专业和法律责任，也是减少未来心理甚至神经并发症的预防措施。因此，护士应预防新生儿疼痛。本研究的目的是比较按摩和母乳喂养对新生儿疼痛的影响。
这是一项针对75名接受静脉穿刺的足月儿和近足月儿进行的临床试验。新生儿被随机分为以下几组（每组 = 25名）：第1组，母乳喂养；第2组，按摩；第3组，对照组。在第一组中，母乳喂养2分钟后进行静脉穿刺。在第二组中，采用轻抚法按摩3分钟，按摩后2分钟进行静脉穿刺。在静脉穿刺的前30秒使用新生儿疼痛量表（NIPS）进行疼痛测量。数据采用t检验和单因素方差分析（ANOVA）进行分析。
按摩组记录的最低平均疼痛评分为0.92，而母乳喂养组为4.84，对照组为6.16。方差分析检验和事后统计显示，两种干预措施均导致疼痛评分显著降低。
根据本研究的结果，疼痛评分最低的是按摩组，其次是母乳喂养组，对照组相应较高。鉴于按摩和母乳喂养是自然、有用且免费的干预措施，不需要任何特殊设备，建议在对婴儿进行疼痛操作时的疼痛管理和控制中采用这些方法。
