Félix-Silva Juliana, Silva-Junior Arnóbio Antônio, Zucolotto Silvana Maria, Fernandes-Pedrosa Matheus de Freitas
Laboratório de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (TecBioFar), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
Grupo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais Bioativos (PNBio), Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017;2017:5748256. doi: 10.1155/2017/5748256. Epub 2017 Aug 21.
Snakebites are a serious problem in public health due to their high morbimortality. Most of snake venoms produce intense local tissue damage, which could lead to temporary or permanent disability in victims. The available specific treatment is the antivenom serum therapy, whose effectiveness is reduced against these effects. Thus, the search for complementary alternatives for snakebite treatment is relevant. There are several reports of the popular use of medicinal plants against snakebites worldwide. In recent years, many studies have been published giving pharmacological evidence of benefits of several vegetal species against local effects induced by a broad range of snake venoms, including inhibitory potential against hyaluronidase, phospholipase, proteolytic, hemorrhagic, myotoxic, and edematogenic activities. In this context, this review aimed to provide an updated overview of medicinal plants used popularly as antiophidic agents and discuss the main species with pharmacological studies supporting the uses, with emphasis on plants inhibiting local effects of snake envenomation. The present review provides an updated scenario and insights into future research aiming at validation of medicinal plants as antiophidic agents and strengthens the potentiality of ethnopharmacology as a tool for design of potent inhibitors and/or development of herbal medicines against venom toxins, especially local tissue damage.
由于蛇咬伤导致的高病亡率，它已成为公共卫生领域的一个严重问题。大多数蛇毒会造成严重的局部组织损伤，这可能导致受害者暂时或永久残疾。现有的特效治疗方法是抗蛇毒血清疗法，但该疗法针对这些损伤的疗效有限。因此，寻找蛇咬伤治疗的辅助替代方法具有重要意义。全球范围内有许多关于药用植物用于治疗蛇咬伤的报道。近年来，许多研究已发表，给出了几种植物物种对多种蛇毒引起的局部影响具有益处的药理学证据，包括对透明质酸酶、磷脂酶、蛋白水解、出血、肌毒性和致水肿活性的抑制潜力。在此背景下，本综述旨在提供常用作抗蛇毒药物的药用植物的最新概述，并讨论有药理学研究支持其用途的主要植物物种，重点是抑制蛇咬伤局部影响的植物。本综述提供了一个最新的情况以及对未来研究的见解，这些研究旨在验证药用植物作为抗蛇毒药物的有效性，并强化民族药理学作为设计有效抑制剂和/或开发抗毒液毒素（尤其是局部组织损伤）草药的工具的潜力。
