Shen Chun-Yan, Jiang Jian-Guo, Zhu Wei, Ou-Yang Qin
College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China.
The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China.
J Agric Food Chem. 2017 Oct 4;65(39):8586-8594. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02586. Epub 2017 Sep 25.
Essential oil has been popularly used as an alternative for the treatment of inflammation. The bioactivities of essential oil from blossoms of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl (CAVAO) showed greater anti-inflammation potential than that of antioxidant, anticancer, and 3T3-L1 proliferation inhibition. CAVAO (250 μg/mL) significantly inhibited production of nitric oxide (NO) (99.54 ± 2.81%), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (98.11 ± 1.62%), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (41.84 ± 1.52%), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (56.09 ± 2.21%) as well as their gene expression level. CAVAO also markedly decreased the expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene and protein. Furthermore, CAVAO inhibited nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, which was justified by the inhibitory effect on NF-κB nuclear translocation, IκBα phosphorylation and degradation, and phosphorylation-dependent IκB kinase activation in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharides. CAVAO also suppressed the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38, indicating that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways were also blocked. The major constituents of CAVAO were characterized as linalool (64.6 ± 0.04%), α-terpineol (7.61 ± 0.03%), (R)-limonene (6.15 ± 0.04%), and linalyl acetate (5.02 ± 0.03%), which might be responsible for its observed anti-inflammation activity. It is concluded that CAVAO has great potential to be developed into a functional food for the treatment of inflammatory-associated diseases.
香精油已被广泛用作治疗炎症的替代物。酸橙花精油（CAVAO）的生物活性显示出比抗氧化、抗癌和3T3-L1增殖抑制更强的抗炎潜力。CAVAO（250μg/mL）显著抑制一氧化氮（NO）（99.54±2.81%）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）（98.11±1.62%）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）（41.84±1.52%）和白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）（56.09±2.21%）的产生及其基因表达水平。CAVAO还显著降低了环氧化酶-2（COX-2）基因和蛋白的表达水平。此外，CAVAO抑制核因子-κB（NF-κB）的激活，这可通过对脂多糖刺激的RAW264.7细胞中NF-κB核转位、IκBα磷酸化和降解以及磷酸化依赖性IκB激酶激活的抑制作用来证明。CAVAO还抑制了c-Jun氨基末端激酶（JNK）和p38的磷酸化，表明丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）信号通路也被阻断。CAVAO的主要成分被鉴定为芳樟醇（64.6±0.04%）、α-松油醇（7.61±0.03%）、（R）-柠檬烯（6.15±0.04%）和乙酸芳樟酯（5.02±0.03%），这些成分可能是其抗炎活性的原因。结论是，CAVAO具有很大的潜力被开发成用于治疗炎症相关疾病的功能性食品。
