2011-2021 年美国按移民身份划分的家庭粮食不安全趋势和差异。
Food insecurity trends and disparities according to immigration status in the US households, 2011-2021.
机构信息
Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America.
Joseph J. Zilber College of Public Health at the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America.
出版信息
Prev Med. 2024 Oct;187:108121. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108121. Epub 2024 Aug 28.
BACKGROUND
Food insecurity related to immigration status remains largely underexplored. This study examined trends and disparities in household food insecurity by immigration status in the United States (US).
METHODS
We analyzed data from 427,942 households from the US Current Population Survey Food Security Supplement from 2011 to 2021. Immigration status categories included recent immigrants (< 5 years), long-term immigrants (≥ 5 years), naturalized citizens, and US-born citizens. Food insecurity was assessed using validated questions on consistent access to enough food for an active and healthy life.
RESULTS
From 2011 to 2021, food insecurity prevalence declined from 14.9 % (95 % CI, 14.5 %-15.3 %) to 10.2 % (95 % CI, 9.8 %-10.6 %). Among recent immigrants, prevalence decreased from 25.2 % (95 % CI, 23.1-27.4) in 2011 to 15.0 % (95 % CI, 12.8 %-17.2 %) in 2019, then increased to 17.7 % (95 % CI, 14.7 %-20.2 %) in 2020 and 17.4 % (95 % CI, 14.7 %-20.2 %) in 2021. Long-term immigrants' prevalence dropped from 20.4 % (95 % CI, 16.9 %-24.0 %) in 2011 to 10.2 % (95 % CI, 7.2 %-13.1 %) in 2018, then increased to 17.7 % (95 % CI, 13.7 %-21.7 %) in 2021. Naturalized citizens' prevalence decreased from 14.4 % (95 % CI, 12.9 %-15.9 %) to 9.5 % (95 % CI, 8.2 %-10.9 %). US-born citizens' prevalence decreased from 14.2 % (95 % CI, 13.8 %-14.6 %) to 9.7 % (95 % CI, 9.3 %-10.2 %). Compared to the US-born citizens, the adjusted prevalence ratio was 1.63 (95 % CI,1.57-1.69) for recent immigrants, 1.22 (95 % CI, 1.13-1.31) for long-term immigrants, and 0.94 (95 % CI, 0.90-0.98) for naturalized citizens. Significant disparities exist in subgroups.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings provide insights for stakeholders to address food insecurity among vulnerable immigrant groups in the US.
背景
与移民身份相关的粮食不安全问题在很大程度上仍未得到充分探索。本研究考察了美国（美国）不同移民身份家庭粮食不安全的趋势和差异。
方法
我们分析了 2011 年至 2021 年来自美国当前人口调查食品安全补充调查的 427942 户家庭的数据。移民身份类别包括新移民（< 5 年）、长期移民（≥ 5 年）、归化公民和美国出生公民。粮食不安全状况采用经过验证的问题进行评估，这些问题涉及能否持续获得足够的食物以维持积极健康的生活。
结果
2011 年至 2021 年，粮食不安全发生率从 14.9%（95%可信区间，14.5%-15.3%）下降到 10.2%（95%可信区间，9.8%-10.6%）。在新移民中，发生率从 2011 年的 25.2%（95%可信区间，23.1-27.4）下降到 2019 年的 15.0%（95%可信区间，12.8%-17.2%），然后在 2020 年上升到 17.7%（95%可信区间，14.7%-20.2%），2021 年又上升到 17.4%（95%可信区间，14.7%-20.2%）。长期移民的发生率从 2011 年的 20.4%（95%可信区间，16.9%-24.0%）下降到 2018 年的 10.2%（95%可信区间，7.2%-13.1%），然后在 2021 年上升到 17.7%（95%可信区间，13.7%-21.7%）。归化公民的发生率从 14.4%（95%可信区间，12.9%-15.9%）下降到 9.5%（95%可信区间，8.2%-10.9%）。美国出生公民的发生率从 14.2%（95%可信区间，13.8%-14.6%）下降到 9.7%（95%可信区间，9.3%-10.2%）。与美国出生公民相比，新移民的调整后患病率比为 1.63（95%可信区间，1.57-1.69），长期移民为 1.22（95%可信区间，1.13-1.31），归化公民为 0.94（95%可信区间，0.90-0.98）。在亚组中存在显著差异。
结论
这些发现为利益相关者提供了见解，以解决美国弱势群体移民群体的粮食不安全问题。
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